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Coffee, Gentian, and Milkweed Families: Plant Characteristics and Examples

Explore the distinctive features of Rubiaceae (Coffee Family), Gentianaceae (Gentian Family), and Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed Family), including leaf arrangements, flower structures, and common examples like Coffea arabica and Gentianopsis crinata.

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Coffee, Gentian, and Milkweed Families: Plant Characteristics and Examples

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  1. 48) Convolvulaceae (incl. 49) Cuscutaceae) Apocynaceae (incl. 52) Asclepiadaceae) Lamiales Clade 47) Solanaceae 50) Rubiaceae 51) Gentianaceae Asterids I

  2. 50) Rubiaceae • Coffee or Madder Family • Herbs, shrubs and trees • Leaves opposite or whorled, usually entire; stipules present, interpetiolar, and connate, occasionally leaf-like • Flowers 4- or 5-merous ; corolla plate- or funnel-shaped, adaxial surface often with hairs • Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, adnate to the corolla • Flowers often heterostylous • Ovary inferior

  3. ExamplesRubiaceae • Coffea arabica and C. robusta (coffee) • Galium spp. (bedstraw) • Houstonia (bluet)

  4. Interpetiolar stipules

  5. Galium triflorum

  6. Caffea arabica

  7. Caffea arabica

  8. Hedyotis pusilla

  9. Mitchella repens – pubescent adaxial petal surface

  10. 51) Gentianaceae • Gentian Family • Herbs (shrubs and trees) often with winged stems • Leaves opposite, entire, without stipules, often united at base • Flowers perfect, usually in cymes; sepals 4-5, connate; petals 4-5, connate, plate, funnel or bell-shaped, margins sometimes fringed • Stamens as many as and adnate to petals

  11. ExamplesGentianaceae • Gentianopsis crinata (gentian) shown • Centaurium (century)

  12. Gentiana bavarica

  13. Sabatia angularis

  14. Gentiana procera

  15. 52) Asclepediaceae (now included in Apocynaceae) • Milkweed Family • Sap milky • Leaves opposite or whorled, stipules absent • Flowers 5-merous with distinctive corona, pollinia, translators and corpuscula • Fruit a follicle • Seed with a tuft of silky hairs

  16. ExamplesAsclepdiaceae • Asclepedium (milkweed) • Stapelia • Dischidia

  17. Asclepias spp. - Floral views

  18. Calotropis procera

  19. Calotropis procera

  20. Asclepedia spp.

  21. Dischidia spp. – leaves forming a bladder that ants fill with soil and other material forming a miniature garden

  22. Stapelia grandiflora

  23. Stapelia gigantia

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