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Analysis of Animal Farm translations according to Peter Newmark’s Semantic & Communicative

Analysis of Animal Farm translations according to Peter Newmark’s Semantic & Communicative T ranslation. By Azam Fakour By Azam Fakour. About PETER NEWMARK

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Analysis of Animal Farm translations according to Peter Newmark’s Semantic & Communicative

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  1. Analysis of Animal Farm translations according to Peter Newmark’s Semantic & Communicative Translation. By AzamFakour By AzamFakour

  2. About PETER NEWMARK Newmarkwas born in Brno, Czechoslovakia, a city he planned to revisit in spring 2005 with his son as a sort of return to his roots, since he left Czechoslovakia at age five and settled in England. He read Modern Languages at Cambridge University, where he received an honours degree in French and German and also English literature. In addition to learning two foreign languages formally, he is proud to have learned Italian “on the ground”, in his words. As a British solder during World War II, he was stationed for three and a half years in Italy. Newmark fondly recalls how, when his regiment would take an Italian town, Newmark the recruit would scour any library he could find for books and dictionaries he could cull, take back to Allied lines and study.

  3. In short, peter Newmarkis a fascinating and engaging personality. Although very much the polite, well-spoken gentleman, his strong opinions, fuelled by years of careful study and debate, fire his speech. Mention any serious scholar in linguistics or translation (or most any other major discipline, come to that) of the past century and Newmark will have a salient comment.

  4. This listing is not comprehensive but should provide readers with a starting point. In addition to conference papers, courses and workshops presented all over the world, Newmark has also contributed to a number of festschriften, or collections of learned articles or essays as a tribute to scholars and colleagues.Approaches to translation. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981.A textbook of translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988. [Spanish version translated by VirgilioMoya: Manual de traducción. Madrid: Cátedra, 1992.]About translation. Clevedon (Avon, UK): Multilingual Matters, 1991.Paragraphs on translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1993.More paragraphs on translation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1998

  5. Translation methods • Word for word translation • Adaptation • Free translation • Semantic translation • Communicative translation • Literal translation • Faithful translation • Idiomatic translation

  6. Semantic Translation Relation to ST:Always `inferior to ST `,loss of meaning Use of form of SL:IfST language norms deviate, then this must be replicated in TT;Loyalty to ST author Form of TL: More complex,awkward,detailed,concentrated;tendency to overtranslate Appropriateness:For serious literature, autobiography,any important political statement Criterion for evaluation:Accuracy of reproduction of the significance of ST

  7. C0mmunicative translation Relation to ST: May be better than the ST; gain of force and clarity even if loss of semantic content Use of form of SL:Respectfor the form of the SL but overriding loyalty to TL norms. Form of TL:Smoother,simpler,clearer,moredirect, more conventional;tendency to undertranslate Appropriateness:For the vast majority of texts,e.g non_—literary writing, technical and informative texts, publicity, standardized types, popular fiction Criterion for evaluation:Accuracyof communication of ST message in TT

  8. Benjamin ····He seldom talked and when he did,it was usually to make some cynical remark • بنجامین …کم حرف می زد و اگر سخنی می گفت تلخ و پر کنایه بود(7صامیر شاهی) • بنجامین …خیلی کم حرف می زد و وقتی چیزی می گفت معمولا آیه یاس می خواند(صالح حسینی) • هر دو ترجمه ارتباطی است.

  9. Yet he is Lord of all the animals • مهذلک ارباب مطلق حیوان است.(امیرشاهی) • این حال آقابالا سر همه ی حیوانات است.(صالح حسینی)

  10. You will never see one of them again. • و تو هرگز انها را نخواهی دید(امیرشاهی) • و آرزوی دیدنشان را به گور خواهی برد(صالح حسینی)

  11. No argument must lead you astray. هیچ استدلالی نباید شما را گمراه سازد(امیرشاهی) مبادا هیچ حرف و حدیثی شما را گمراه سازد(صالح حسینی)

  12. Let there be perfect unity perfect comradeship in the struggle • در این مبارزه باید بین ما حیوانات رفاقت و یگانگی کامل وجود داشته باشد(امیرشاهی) • ما حیوانات باید یک دل و یک زبان باشیم(صالح حسینی)

  13. …he could turn black into white • قادر ا ا ست سیاه را سفید جلوه دهد(امیرشاهی) می تواند شب را روز جلوه دهد.(صالح حسینی)

  14. Those robbons that you are so devoted to are the badge of slavery. • این روبانی که تو تا این پایه به آن علاقمندی نشان بردگی است.(امیرشاهی ص 19) • این روبانها که دل و دینت را برده نشان بردگی است.(صالح حسینی ص20)

  15. It was a great drawback that no animal was able to use any tool… • و این که هیچ حیوانی نمی توانست با افزاری که ملازمه با ایستادن روی دو پای عقب داشت کار کند خود اشکال بزرگی بود.(امیرشاهی) • این یکی هم دیگر قوز بالا قوز بودکه حیوانات نمی توانستند ابزاری را به کار ببرند.(صالح حسینی)

  16. She appeared to be enjoying herself so the pigeons said. • و کبوتران می گفتند از ظاهرش پیدا بود که از وضعشراضی است.(امیرشاهی) • اینطور که کبوتران می گفتند پیدا بود کیف دنیا را می کند.(صالح حسینی ص 50)

  17. He took his meals alone with two doges to wait upon him… • و غذایش را تنها و …می خوردو دو سگ برای خدمتگذاری در حضورش هستند.(امیرشاهی) • غذایش را همیشه خدا تنهایی و …می خوردو دو سگ هم مثل دو غلام حلقه به گوش در خدمتش هستند.(صالح حسینی)

  18. Why then ask somebody had he spoken so strongly againest it? وقتی یکی ازحاضرین سوال کرد پس چطور ناپلئون با آن سرسختی با آن مخالفت کرد…(امیرشاهی ص 57) یکی پرسیدپس چرا ناپلئون دو پا را در یک کفش کرده بود … (صالح حسینی ص 62)

  19. Reference Munday,J.(2001).Introuducing Translation studies.Theories and Application. London/New York:Routledge. قلعه حیوانات جورج اورول ترجمه امیرشاهی چاپ چهاردهم:1391 مزرعه ی حیوانات ,جورج اورول ترجمه صالح حسینی ,نبی زاده چاپ پنجم:1389

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