Byzantine Empire & Russia

1. Byzantine Empire & Russia

2. Overview • Byzantine formed after German invaders took over west of Roman Empire • Constantinople was built • Justinian (famous emperor) created Justian’s Code • Schism between Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox Churches • Byzantine Empire fell in the 1400s • Russia began in present day Ukraine • Kiev became center of trade • Mongols cut Russia off from Western Europe • Mongols defeated; Ivan the Great ruled as czar • Russia carried on tradition of extreme power with Ivan the Terrible • Many new kingdoms and cultures came to Russia • Ottoman Turks took control of southeastern Europe

3. WAIT!…you might want to know this • Schism – permanent split • Between Greek Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church • Czar – Russian word for Caesar • Ivan the Great took this title • Ethnic group – large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage • Eastern Europe had no denominational ethnic group • Serf – lowest level of workers in medieval Europe

4. wealthiest nation in Europe and Western Asia from A.D 500 to A.D 1200 defended by a mobile specialized army Constantinople was divided into 14 sections BYZANTINE

5. Byzantine: the beginning • After the fall of the Rome, Europe divided into 2 civilizations • West – medieval civilization • East – Byzantine Empire • German invaders caused emperors to move base to eastern Medditerranean • Emperor Constantine rebuilt Byzantium to Constantinople • Thrived in Middle ages, trade routes linked Europe and Asia • Eventually the eastern Roman empire became known as Byzantine

6. Byzantine: Justinian’s Code • Justinian was Byzantines most famous emperor • Ruled from 527 – 565 • Aided by wife Theodora • Set up quest to collect law of ancient Rome, which later became known as Justinian’s Code • Reached Western Europe by 1100s • Influenced laws and principals of Roman Catholic Church and medieval monarchs • Spread heritage of Roman law

7. Byzantine:Christianity • Division grew between Byzantine Christians and Roman Catholics • Emperor controlled Church affairs; rejected pope to have authority over Christians • Byzantine clergy retained the right to marry • By 1054, a schism separated Eastern Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches • Empire began to decline • Constantinople fell in 1453 • Istanbul (ancient Christian City) became center of Muslim culture

8. Byzantine:Heritage • Byzantine thrived for 1000 years • Blended Greek science with Christianity • Philosophy, arts, literature • Expanded on Roman achievements in engineering and law • Greek Scholars left Constantinople to teach elsewhere • Italian universities • Took Greek manuscripts to the West • Contributed Greek knowledge to European Culture • Aka, the Renaissance

9. Review!Byzantine Empire • What was name of Eastern Roman Empire? • Byzantine Empire • What was the church called of that empire? • Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church • Who created a code of laws that we base our laws off today? • Justinian! • What is a schism? • Permanent split

10. Collection of cities that eventually formed into an empire Ivan the Terrible divided Russia into two parts – and kept one for himself Kiev united with a city called Novgorod RUSSIA!

11. RUSSIA! Early history • Began in present day Ukraine • Slavs moved into into southern Russia during Roman Times • Vikings traveling on Russian rivers during the 700s and 800s contributed from the Slavs • Vikings traded with Constantinople • Kiev became center of first Russian state • Major trade center • Trade brought Byzantine influence to Russian • Byzantine missionaries brought Byzantine culture to Russia • Greek alphabet – written language (863) • Art, music, architecture

12. RUSSIA!Mongol Conquest • Mongols from Asia overran land from China to Eastern Europe • 1200s • Fierce conquerors, but tolerant rulers • Mongol rule cut Russia off from Western Europe at a bad time • Europe was making fast advances in arts and sciences

13. RUSSIA!Rise of Moscow • Princes of Moscow gained power and defeated Mongols • Ivan the III (Ivan the Great) ruled Russia from 1462 – 1505 • Took title of czar (Russian for Caesar) • Built frame work for absolute rule, very successful • Ivan IV (Ivan the Great’s grandson) centralized power even more • Cut privileges of nobles and bound serfs to the land • Started tradition of extreme absolute power • Earned title of “Ivan the Terrible”

14. Review!Russia • Name of trading center in the first Russian state? (present day Ukraine) • Kiev • Who invaded Russia in the West and influenced absolute rule? • Mongols • What is a czar? • Russian word for Caesar • What was Ivan IV known as? • Ivan the Terrible

15. ShApInG eAsTeRn Europepart 1 • No single ethnic group • Slavs from Russia, Asian peoples, Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, Magyars, and Germans • Byzantine missionaries carried on Eastern Orthodox Christianity throughout Balkans • German knights carried on Roman Catholic Christianity • Eastern Europe became refuge for Jewish settlers • Western European Christians prosecuted them

16. ShApInG eAsTeRn EuRoPepart 2 • Many new kingdoms/small states arose • Poland battled Germans, Russians, and Mongols to survive • Magyars of Hungary controlled parts of present-day Slovakia and Romania • 1500s, Ottoman Turks ruled over southeastern Europe

17. www.middle-ages.org.uk/serfs.htm • http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0142-byzantine-empire.php • http://www.guidetorussia.com/ivan-the-terrible.asp