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Exploring Cell Biology: History, Diversity, and Structure

Uncover the fascinating journey of cell discovery from Robert Hooke to Rudolf Virchow, delve into the modern Cell Theory, and explore the immense diversity in cell size, shape, and internal organization. Learn about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and compare plant and animal cells through detailed Venn diagrams. Enhance your knowledge of cell structure and function with engaging visuals and explanations in this informative guide.

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Exploring Cell Biology: History, Diversity, and Structure

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  1. The Cell Part 1 By: Dr. Anas Muslim Almamoori

  2. Engage: Cell History • Cytology- study of cells • 1665 English Scientist Robert Hooke • Used a microscope to examine cork (plant) • Hooke called what he saw "Cells"

  3. Cell History • Robert Brown • discovered the nucleus in 1833. • Matthias Schleiden • German Botanist Matthias Schleiden • 1838 • ALL PLANTS "ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS". • Theodor Schwann • Also in 1838, • discovered that animals were made of cells

  4. Cell History • Rudolf Virchow • 1855, German Physician • " THAT CELLS ONLY COME FROM OTHER CELLS". • His statement debunked "Theory of Spontaneous Generation" 

  5. Cell Theory • The COMBINED work of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow make up the modernCELL THEORY.

  6. The Cell Theory states that: 1. All living things are composed of a cell or cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of life. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

  7. Explain: Cell Diversity • Cells within the same organism show Enormous Diversity in: • Size • Shape • Internal Organization

  8. 1. Cell Size • Female Egg - largest cell in the human body; seen without the aid of a microscope • Most cells are visible only with a microscope.

  9. Cells are small for 2 Reasons Reason 1: • Limited in size by the RATIO between their Outer Surface Area and Their Volume.  A small cell has more SURFACE AREA than a large cell for a GIVEN VOLUME OF CYTOPLASM. 

  10. Cells are Small Reason 2: • THE CELL'S NUCLEUS (THE BRAIN) CAN ONLY CONTROL A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF LIVING, ACTIVE CYTOPLASM.

  11. 2. Cell Shape • Diversity of form reflects a diversity of function. • THE SHAPE OF A CELL DEPENDS ON ITS FUNCTION.

  12. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cytoplasm 3. Internal Organization Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus Organelles

  13. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Contain DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm Compare and Contrast

  14. Prokaryotic Examples ONLY Bacteria

  15. EUKARYOTIC CELLS Two Kinds: Plant and Animal

  16. Eukaryotic Example

  17. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Cell wall Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Section 7-2 Plant Cell

  18. Venn Diagrams Animal Cells Plant Cells Cell Wall Chloroplasts Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Centrioles Compare and Contrast

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