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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Objectives. To list the causes of the Industrial Revolution. To examine the impact of the cotton gin on American society. To list the results of the Industrial Revolution. Causes of the Industrial Revolution. Interchangeable Parts.

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution

  2. Objectives To list the causes of the Industrial Revolution. To examine the impact of the cotton gin on American society. To list the results of the Industrial Revolution.

  3. Causes of the Industrial Revolution

  4. Interchangeable Parts • Identical parts that can be substituted in the manufacture or repair of a product • Invented by Eli Whitney to make muskets for the U.S. government

  5. Assembly Lines • Each worker adding one part in order to create a finished product • Used first in Lowell’s textile (clothes) factories • Resulted in the construction of factories across the Northern U.S.

  6. Inventions • Elias Howe – Sewing Machine • Robert Fulton – Steam Boat • Francis Cabot Lowell and Samuel Slater – Assembly lines and factories

  7. Samuel Slater • British inventors began to make textiles with machines. • A British textile worker, Samuel Slater, set up a textile factory in Rhode Island in 1790. • This was the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.!

  8. Francis Lowell • In 1814, Francis Lowell opened a textile factory in Waltham, MA.

  9. As a result, the U.S. no longer had to buy finished textile products from Europe! • 1845 Lowell factory pamphlet

  10. Factory Workers • Women were paid half as much as men. • Working hours were long, and wages were low. • For example: • Men earned $5 per week • Women earned $2 per week • Children earned $1 per week

  11. Eli Whitney • It was difficult to make a profit from cotton because cottonseeds were removed by hand. • For example it took one person an entire day to clean one pound of cotton. • Cotton Ball, picked 1915 • Georgia

  12. Therefore, Whitney created the cotton gin in 1793.

  13. Whitney applied for a patent on the cotton gin. • People ignored the patent and built their own. • Whitney never became wealthy from his invention.

  14. Plantation owners began to earn a lot of money growing cotton.This caused farmers to increase their dependency on slave labor. “The First Cotton Gin” (image from 1869)

  15. Results of the Industrial Revolution

  16. Craftsmen Out Products used to be made by individual shop owners who were specialists Each product was different Now products were identical, and made in factories

  17. Urbanization • More and more people moved to cities where there were factory jobs • This was more true of the North than the South which remained agricultural

  18. Machines In • Sewing Machines • Cotton Gin • Steam power • Bessemer Steel Process resulted in large sky scrapers that could now be built

  19. Money Invested • Stock market invented • “Investors” would receive a percentage of profits • New York became stock market center

  20. More Workers Together People worked in large factories instead of small shops The workers were exposed to people from different cultures The “working class” emerged

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