Industrial Revolution

Page 20 Industrial Revolution EQ: What was the Industrial Revolution?

Industrial Revolution Vocabulary • Flashcards • http://quizlet.com/12064514/industrial-revolution-definitions-flash-cards/ • Quiz • http://quizlet.com/12064514/industrial-revolution-definitions-flash-cards/ • Industrial Rev in England • http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution

http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/primarysourcesets/industrial-revolution/pdf/teacher_guide.pdfhttp://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/primarysourcesets/industrial-revolution/pdf/teacher_guide.pdf

Bourgeoisies The middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes. Communism A way of organizing a society in which the government owns the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) and there is no privately owned property.

Proletariat Workers or working-class people, regarded collectively (often used with reference to Marxism). A class of wage earners, especially those who earn their living by manual labor or who are dependent for support on daily or casual employment; the working class.

Tenements A room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments. a house divided into and rented out as separate residences, esp. one that is run-down and overcrowded. noun: tenement house; plural noun: tenement houses 2. A piece of land held by an owner.

Communism As first set out by Karl Marx is a system of government where the traditional ruling classes have been overthrown by revolution and the workers rule... with total equality, total democracy, and no oppression by the bourgeoisie.

A manufacturing method for a standardized product or products in which fixed capital, raw material, and labor operations are centralized and sophisticated machinery is often used Factory System

Why did Factories Develop? Machines became too large and expensive for home use. Workers and machines were brought together in one place in factories, working under managers. Workers could share skills. Factories provided a better organized and less costly way to produce large amounts of goods.

A manufacturing system whereby workers make products in their own homes with materials supplied by entrepreneurs. Domestic System A system of manufacturing based upon work done at home on materials supplied by merchant employers —contrasted with factory system.

A social or economic system built on manufacturing industries. Industrialism An economic organization of society built largely on mechanized industry rather than agriculture, craftsmanship, or commerce.

An organization of workers formed to protect the rights and interests of its members Labor Union An organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests in respect to wages, benefits, and working conditions

What is the Industrial Revolution? How did Scientific and Technological Changes bring about social, economic, and cultural changes during the Industrial ? EQ

The 18th and 19th centuries It officially began in England By the late 1800s, the Industrial Revolution was in full swing in Germany, the United States, Japan, and Russia England was the world’s first industrialized country and the world’s first capitalist economy By 1850, the Industrial Revolution began spreading to Western Europe and the United States When Where

It was an economic and social revolution Economic changes transformed the way people worked… the societies in which they lived There were seismic changes in industry and society. The changes were caused by the introduction and large-scale use of machinery to replace hand labor New technology allowed for the rise of the factory system What

Why do they call it a “Revolution”? The Industrial Revolution is more than just technology; it was a major turning point in World History. The Industrial Revolution had a bigger impact than the American and French Revolutions The industrial Revolution was the most far-reaching transformation of society since the beginning of farming 10,000 years ago Why

All that machinery in factories … how was that machinery powered? By new fuels: Coal Coal produced steam – Steam Engine By old fuel ”The Watermill” At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, factories were run by watermills. That is, a factory was always located next to a river. The machines were run by waterpower) How

Food - You must have a surplus of food • The Agricultural Revolution, 1700s • Improved farming techniques like crop rotation • Price of food was low, so people could afford manufactured goods. • People didn’t have to farm, go to work in cities. Why in England

You must have a great accumulation of cash • The Commercial Revolution, 1700s • This was trade, The British accumulated great wealth. England had Capital

England had A Labor Force • The labor force must be large • The Population Explosion • From 1750 to 1850, the British population tripled • More food led to more children; better sanitation led to drop in death rate • Abundant labor supply to mine coal and run factories.

Why In England? Britain’s population grew rapidly in the 1700’s People had better food, better health, and lived longer. Changes in farming help to increase the supply of industry workers.

Natural Resources • You must have coal and iron mines already in operation • Industrial Revolution was driven by coal > steam • The first factories were built near the coal mines • The first factories were textiles mills • The first factory workers were women and children • Two important industries were coal (to run machinery) and iron (to make machinery)

Coal mining became a major industry. Coal Mining Steel and Iron Henry Cort discovered a way to use coal to turn iron ore into pure iron. Iron production grew. Henry Bessemer made a less costly way to turn iron into steel. Steel was excellent to making machinery. Soon mining towns and steel centers grew.

Technology • You must have new technology, such as the steam engine • The Scientific Revolution, 1600s • The Royal Society of London encouraged scientific discoveries • During the 1700s, inventors and innovators stepped forward to invent solutions to practice problems • In 1769, James Watt perfected the steam engine

During the Industrial Revolution, what happened to the population of Great Britain? There were three major changes: a. Population growth b. Rural to urban migration c. The growth of industrial cities We are going to explore each change.

The population triples For centuries, England’s population hovered between 2 and 6 million. During the century from 1750 to 1850, the population tripled - to 21 million. This was a result of the Agricultural Revolution of the 1700s: More food! POPULATION Growth

Summary

Industrial Revolution