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BSAC Ocean Diver Training

BSAC Ocean Diver Training. Diving Equipment & Diving Signals. Diving Equipment & Signals. Aims The diving environment Basic equipment Scuba equipment Diving signals. 1 bar. Air & Atmospheric Pressure. Air 79% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen Compressible gas

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BSAC Ocean Diver Training

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  1. BSAC Ocean Diver Training Diving Equipment & Diving Signals

  2. Diving Equipment & Signals • Aims • The diving environment • Basic equipment • Scuba equipment • Diving signals

  3. 1 bar Air & Atmospheric Pressure • Air • 79% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen • Compressible gas • Nitrox- Breathing gas with varying percentages of oxygen • Atmospheric Pressure • Weight of air in a 1 cm square column of the atmosphere = 1kg / cm2 = 1 bar

  4. Sea Level 1.0 bar 10m 2.0 bar 20m 3.0 bar 30m 4.0 bar 40m 5.0 bar 50m 6.0 bar Water Pressure • Water • Dense, not compressible • Water Pressure • Air in the atmosphere exerts a pressure of 1kg/cm2 • Atmospheric Pressure = 1.0 bar • Water exerts a pressure of 1 bar for every 10m of depth • Absolute Pressure = Gauge Pressure + Atmospheric Pressure

  5. AIR 1 Depth 0m 0m 1/2 1/3 10m 10m 1/2 1/4 20m 20m 1/3 1/4 30m 30m Air & Water Pressure Air Pressure 1 bar Air + Water Pressure 2 bar Air + Water Pressure 3 bar Air + Water Pressure 4 bar

  6. Basic Equipment Mask, Fins & Snorkel

  7. Adjustable Strap Flexible Seal Tempered Glass Frame Nose Pocket Basic Equipment - Mask • Features • It fits ! • Maintenance • Wash in fresh water

  8. Shoe Fin Strap Fin Basic Equipment - Fins • Comfortable fit • Foot pocket • Flexible blade • Stiffening ridges • Slots/grooves • Features • Two styles • Maintenance • Wash in fresh water

  9. Basic Equipment - Snorkel • J Shape • 40-45cm long • 20mm diameter • Self drain valve • Features • Tube and mouthpiece • Maintenance • Wash in fresh water

  10. AIR 1 AIR 4 bar AIR 3 bar AIR 2 bar AIR 1 bar Depth 0m 1/2 10m 1/3 20m 1/4 30m Difference - Basic and Scuba Equipment Basic Equipment Scuba Equipment Boyles Law For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume Balloons/Lungs Air Pressure 1 bar Air + Water Pressure 2 bar Air + Water Pressure 3 bar Air + Water Pressure 4 bar

  11. Scuba Equipment • Self • Contained • Underwater • Breathing • Apparatus • Components • Cylinder • Regulator • Buoyancy Compensator

  12. Scuba EquipmentThe Cylinder • Contains a high pressure breathing gas • Pillar valve • BS/EN Standard • Size in litres • Working pressure • Test pressure • Manufacture date BS/EN5045/7 12L WP232 TP348 3/01 • Needs testing • Hydraulic every 5 years • Visual every 21/2 years • Different labels for “Breathing Air” and “Nitrox” • Cylinders used for Nitrox usually need cleaning & certified periodically. • Wash in fresh water after each dive

  13. First Stage Medium Pressure Hose SecondStage Octopus BC Feed Purge Contents Gauge Scuba Equipment The Regulator • Delivers breathing gas to the diver • Wash in fresh water after each dive • Service at least once a year

  14. Cylinder support Pull Dump Direct Feed Integrated Bladder Push Dump Scuba Equipment Buoyancy Compensator • Buoyancy Compensator (BC) • Supports the Cylinder and Regulator • Wash in fresh water after each dive

  15. AIR 1 bar AIR 2 bar 1 bar 0m AIR 2 bar 2 bar 10m AIR 3 bar AIR 3 bar 3 bar 20m Using SCUBA Equipment Warning SCUBA delivers Breathing Gas at Ambient Pressure • Never hold your breath - lungs will expand on ascent = damage • Breathe normally on ascent

  16. Diving Signals Go up OK ? I am OK Go down Something is wrong

  17. Diving Signals • Stop • You or Me • Distress

  18. Diving Signals OK at Surface Distress at Surface Out of gas Out of Breath

  19. Summary • The diving environment • Basic equipment • Scuba equipment • Diving signals

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