Age of Exploration

1. Age of Exploration

2. Use Power Point to take Funky Notes Directions • Funky notes are colorful and creative and stick out in your memory! You do not want them to be boring! Use colored pencils, highlighters, markers, pens, or creative writing. You can draw cartoons to go with your notes to help them stand out in your memory. • Note: these notes are very important! They are a grade, and you will need them for your test and culminating project for the Explorers Unit. Learning Goal: Students will create linguistic and non-linguistic representations in order to study for their exploration unit test.

3. Objectives Competency Goals: 7.h.2.1 analyze the effects of social, economic, military and political conflict among nations, regions, and groups (e.g. war, genocide, imperialism and colonization).

4. Essential Question/ Learning Goal • How did exploration change world cultures? • Learning Goal: Students will create linguistic and non-linguistic representations in order to study for their exploration unit test. Copy in Journals

5. Use a map and find out where Europe is located:

6. Instruments for measuring Altitude of Objects above the Horizon • Captain John Davis invented the Davis quadrant, an improved back-staff, in 1594. • Isaac Newton invented the reflecting quadrant in 1699. • John Hadley and Thomas Godfrey independently developed the octant in 1730. • The first sextant was produced by John Bird in 1759.

7. Life on the Sea • A sailors day was divided into four-hour work schedules called watches. • Duties included tending sails, maintaining the ship, sweeping the deck, and filling leaks in the hull with “oakum,” fibers of the old rope covered with tar. • When not on watch, sailors could sleep, eat, or have entertainment. • Sleeping quarters were small, crowded spaces between decks, about three feet high with hammocks slung between beams. Candles and lanterns were prohibited. Sleeping quarters were opened to the air twice a day, except during storms. Sailors slept fully clothed in order to be able to respond immediately to any emergency.

8. Why Explore? *Crusades and journeys of Marco Polo exposed Europeans to new technologies, products, and culture • Spices: nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger, pepper • Silk • Opium: medical and “recreational” use

9. The Ottoman Empire • Europeans couldn’t travel across land because the Ottoman Empire would attack them.

10. The Portuguese • First to explore the western coast of Africa • Looked for a route around Africa to Asia

11. Cause of Exploration People Want Products

12. Exploration and Hard Times • Europeans had a hard time travelling east because of the Ottoman Empire

13. Two Main Players in Early Exploration • Portugal • Spain

14. Africa to India • This established major trade route

15. Christopher Columbus • Italian man • Looked west for route to Asia • Was given money by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella from Spain. • Discovered land in 1492, but it wasn’t Asia.

16. Columbus Needed Money for Expedition • Columbus first presented his planned expedition in 1485 to John II, king of Portugal, but the king refused to finance it. • The king and queen of Spain, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, agreed to fund Columbus’ expedition in 1492.

17. Ferdinand Magellan • Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean (then named "peaceful sea" by Magellan; the passage being made via the Strait of Magellan), and the first to cross the Pacific. It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although Magellan himself did not complete the entire voyage, being killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines. (For background see Exploration of the Pacific.)

18. Food for the Journey • Magellan’s fleet began the expedition with: 213,800 lbs. of biscuits, 72,000 lbs. of salted beef, 57,000 lbs. of salted pork, 984 lbs. of cheese, 5,600 lbs. of beans, and 10,080 lbs. of chickpeas (garbanzo beans)

19. Prince Henry • Son of Portuguese King • Dazzled by dreams of ocean exploration and East Asia • Established a navigation school Not to be confused with

20. Ponce de Leon • First to land on the mainland of North America • Looking for “fountain of youth” • Sailed for Spain • Established St. Augustine, Florida

21. Vasco de Gama • First to sail around Africa to India (27,000 miles) • Obtained valuable goods from India

22. Cape of Good Hope • The Cape of Good Hope is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.

23. Coronado • Looking for fabled seven cities of gold • Explored present-day Arizona and New Mexico

24. Hernando Cortes • Explored MEXICO • Conquered Aztec civilization

25. Hernando Cortes • Spanish Conquistador • Conquered Aztec emperor Montezuma • Found gold • Claimed Mexico for Spain (1519-1521) • “Discovered” Tenochtitlan

26. Balboa • Spanish Explorer • Claimed Pacific Ocean and adjoining lands for Spain • First to cross the Isthmus of Panama Not to be confused with

27. Pizzaro • Conquered the Incan Empire • Sailed for Spain

28. Amerigo Vespucci • Amerigo Vespucci • America was named after him • Recruited by Spain

29. Check over all Funky Notes: • You will use notes to study for test • You will use notes to complete Explorer’s Comic Strip Project

30. Study All Funky Notes when finished taking notes • Test November 11th 2013 How to prepare for test: Study funky notes!!!!!!!!