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Machine Collaboration Possibilities on Fermilab Proton Driver and Main Injector Intensity Upgrades

Machine Collaboration Possibilities on Fermilab Proton Driver and Main Injector Intensity Upgrades. Bill Foster BNL/FNAL Meeting Nov. 14, 2005. The Fork in the Road. IF ( ILC 2006 CDR looks affordable) THEN Push for ILC ~2010 construction start at Fermilab

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Machine Collaboration Possibilities on Fermilab Proton Driver and Main Injector Intensity Upgrades

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  1. Machine Collaboration PossibilitiesonFermilab Proton DriverandMain Injector Intensity Upgrades Bill Foster BNL/FNAL Meeting Nov. 14, 2005

  2. The Fork in the Road IF ( ILC 2006 CDR looks affordable) THEN • Push for ILC ~2010 construction start at Fermilab • Proceed with 120 GeV Neutrino Program at >1 MW ELSE • Superconducting 8 GeV Proton Driver starting 2008 • 30-120 GeV and 8 GeV Beams at 2-4 MW • Stepping-Stone to delayed ILC construction start ~2012 ENDIF

  3. CD1 CD2 CD3 Proton Driver Project Planning Currently Supports a 2008 Construction Start (FY09) Pier Oddone’s presentation to EPP 2010:

  4. What is Not in Question • Fermilab > 1 MW Neutrino Beams • Using Upgrades + Recycler if fast-track ILC • Using SCRF Proton Driver if ILC delayed • The SCRF Proton Driver R&D Program • Demonstration key cost-saving features of SCRF Proton Driver Design, with beam, in next 1-2 years

  5. Time Scales for Machine Collaboration • SCRF Linac Proton Driver Technical Design Report • June ’06 Lehman CD-1 Review • Proton Driver Front End Beam Tests (SMTF/Meson) • Summer 2006 - Beam through warm front end (RFQ commissioning) • Summer 2007 - Beam through multiple SRF cavities w/common Klystron • Fermilab Proton Plan & Near-Term Upgrades • Many possibilities in HLRF, LLRF, Collimation, Beam Stacking… • Proton Driver Construction Role? • Significant PED funds FY2008, line item funding 2009? • Cost estimate w/“SNS Rules” to support Multi-Lab collaboration • Experimental Beam lines, Specialized Extraction, etc. (8 GeV & 120 GeV)

  6. Near Term  Plans (Independent of ILC) AGS Permanent Magnet Accumulator Ring (from early NuSB LoI) Permanent Magnet Recycler Ring Permanent Magnet Accumulator Ring Main Injector AGS Follow Gerry Jackson’s suggestion of using the Fermilab Recycler as Injection Accumulator for Main Injector intensity >600kW after ~2009.

  7. Barrier Stacking in AGS and Recycler AGS Barrier Stacking ~1999 Barrier Pulses + Linear Voltage Ramps Batch Compression Batch Expansion Fast Recycler Stacking beam tests ~ 2003

  8. Main Injector RF Cavity Upgrades Design Concept for RF cavity to support > 2 MW in Main Injector YIG Ferrite Loaded Tuners Q Negotiable via Cu plating BNL Collaboration on Prototype? Existing Main Injector Cavities Beam Power limited to ~1 MW 35 Years Old

  9. LLRF & Damper Upgrades Modern Digital LLRF for AGS/Booster/RHIC FNAL Booster LLRF Analog/NIM from 1970’s

  10. OTHER NEAR-TERM POSSIBILITIES • Impedance Measurements & Pallatives • Main Injector is ~7 yrs old • No Impedance Measurements Yet • Will key MI components need low-Z upgrades? • Gamma-T Jump Systems • Main Injector • Booster • Collimation • Main Injector (Momentum, & Betatron) • Recycler Stacking Collimators (Momentum & Betatron) All these will be valuable independent of PD

  11. 8 GeV SCRF Proton Driver New idea incorporating concepts from the ILC, SNS, RIA, TRASCO and APT. • Copy SNS, RIA, and JPARC Linac designs up to 1.3 GeV • Use “TESLA” Cryomodules from 1.3 -8 GeV • H- Injection at 8 GeV in Main Injector “Super-Beams” in Fermilab Main Injector • 2+ MW Beam power at BOTH 8 GeV and 120 GeV • Small linac emittances  Small losses in Main Injector • Very simple operation of the accelerator complex • Minimum (1.5 sec) cycle time (eventually faster) • MI Beam Power Independent of Beam Energy  (flexible neutrino program)

  12. 8 GeV Superconducting LinacWith X-Ray FEL, 8 GeV Neutrino & Spallation Sources, LC and Neutrino Factory Neutrino “Super- Beams” SY-120 Fixed-Target Damping Rings for TESLA @ FNAL With 8 GeV e+ Preacc. NUMI Off- Axis X-RAY FEL LAB 30 GeV neutrino 8 GeV neutrino 8 GeV Linac ~ 700m Active Length 1% LC Systems Test Main Injector @2 MW Bunching Ring Target and Muon Cooling Channel Recirculating Linac for Neutrino Factory Neutrino Target & Long-Pulse Spallation Source Short Baseline Detector Array VLHC at Fermilab Neutrinos to “Homestake” Anti- Proton

  13. The Baseline Missions:Super Beams in the Main Injector & ILC Test Bed Neutrino “Super- Beams” SY-120 Fixed-Target NUMI Off- Axis 8 GeV neutrino 8 GeV Linac ~ 700m Active Length Main Injector @2 MW 1.5 % ILC Test Bed

  14. 120 GeV Main Injector Cycle with 8 GeV Synchrotron

  15. 120 GeV Main Injector Cycle with 8 GeV Linac, e- and P

  16. Linac Allows Reduced MI Beam Energy without Compromising Beam Power • # neutrino evts. ~ same vs. E • Reduces tail at higher neutrino energies. • Permits Flexible Neutrino Program MI cycles to 40 GeV at 2Hz, Retains 2 MW MI beam power 2MW @40 GeV NOT SPECIFIED FOR SYNCHROTRON

  17. Similarities Between BNL & FNAL Super-Beam Proposals • Single Stage Superconducting Injector Linac Replacing Booster Synchrotron • Linac Advantages: • Faster Cycle Time • Lower Uncontrolled Losses • Simplicity of Operation • Upgrade paths >2 MW w/ linac injection • Lots of work needed in rest of complex to keep pace with more powerful injector

  18. Parameter Similarities BNL / FNAL • Charge per pulse: 1E14 vs. 1.5E14 • Linac Rep Rate (upgrade) 2.5 Hz(5 Hz) vs. 2.5 Hz(10 Hz) • Number of Injection Turns 240 vs. 270 • Linac Current (avg. in macro pulse) 21 mA vs. 25 mA

  19. Parameter Differences BNL / FNAL • Linac Energy 1.5 GeV vs. 8 GeV • Stand-Alone Linac Power <100kW vs 0.52 MW (8 GeV physics prog.) • Superconducting Transition 400 MeV vs. 10 MeV • SRF Technology Base (linac Frequency) SNS (805/1610) vs. ILC (325/1300)

  20. Other Uses (beyond the Baseline)of the 8 GeV SC Linac Proton Driver • Using Recycler as 8 GeV Stretcher Ring • Continuous 8 GeV Slow Extracted Beams • Bursts of beam every 5-10 usec • ILC Gradients: 8 GeV 12-15 GeV Linac • Using Tevatron Tunnel for Stretcher Ring • Continuous 120 GeV Slow Extracted Beams

  21. 8 GeV SC Linac Proton Driver • A Bridge Program to the Linear Collider • Near Term Physics Program (neutrinos+) • Multiple HEP Destinations & Off-Ramps • A seed project for inter-lab SCRF Collaboration • A seed project for Industrial Participation 50 cryomodules, 12 RF stations, ~1.5% of LC

  22. Modulator Elliptical Option β=.47 β=.47 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61 β=.61 or… 325 MHz Spoke Resonators “PULSED RIA” Front End Linac 325 MHz 0-110 MeV 0.5 MW Initial 8 GeV Linac Single 3 MW JPARC Klystron Modulator Multi-Cavity Fanout at 10 - 50 kW/cavity Phase and Amplitude Control w/ Ferrite Tuners 11 Klystrons (2 types) 449 Cavities 51 Cryomodules H- RFQ MEBT RTSR SSR DSR DSR β<1 TESLA LINAC 10 MW TESLA Multi-Beam Klystrons Modulator 1300 MHz 0.1-1.2 GeV 48 Cavites / Klystron 2 Klystrons 96 Elliptical Cavities 12 Cryomodules β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 β=.81 8 Cavites / Cryomodule 8 Klystrons 288 Cavities in 36 Cryomodules TESLA LINAC 1300 MHz β=1 Modulator Modulator Modulator Modulator 10 MW TESLA Klystrons 36 Cavites / Klystron β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 Modulator Modulator Modulator Modulator β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1 β=1

  23. Cost Driver: Klystrons per GeV G.W.Foster - SCRF Proton Driver

  24. 8 GeV Superconducting LinacTECHNICAL SUBSYSTEM DESIGNS EXIST AND WORK FNAL/TTF Modulators SNS β<1 Cavites “TTF Style” Cryomodules Civil Const. Based on FMI TESLA RF Distribution * w/ phase shifters G.W.Foster - SCRF Proton Driver

  25. The Building Block of the 8 GeV Linac … is the TESLA RF Station: • 1 Klystron • 1 Modulator • ~ 4 Cryomodules • 36 SCRF CAVITIES • ~1 GeV of Beam Energy Proton Driver: 8 RF Stations Linear Collider: 500 RF Stations

  26. Cold Technology Selection for the ILC • Since the ITRP Selection of “cold” technology, we have standardized on ILC-compatible frequencies for the Proton Driver • 1300 MHz for back end of linac • 325 MHz (=1300 MHz / 4) for front end linac • We have begun to assemble a TESLA-like collaboration to develop a complete set of SCRF cavities and resonators at these frequencies. G. W. Foster – HIF05

  27. 8 GeV Linac Klystrons – 2 Types Toshiba E3740A 325 MHz 3 MW (17 Delivered for JPARC …we’ve ordered one… ) Thales TH1801 1300 MHz 10 MW (~ 3 Vendors)

  28. 325 MHz SRF Spoke Resonators 10-400 MeV • Well Developed Technology for RIA, APT, TRASCO... • Simulations indicate excellent beam dynamics  Never yet tested with beam • Runs Pool-Boiling at 4.5K – Simple Cryosystem • R&D Demonstration (SMTF):  beam properties with pulsed operation. G. W. Foster – HIF05

  29. 1300 MHz Elliptical Cavities • β=1 cavities are identical to the ILC • Baseline β<1 cavities are frequency scaled from 805 MHz designs for SNS/ RIA from JLAB & MSU • “Low-Loss” beta=0.81 cavity design & prototype • Single-Crystal Nb Protos • Lab-to-Lab Collaboration so far (MSU & JLAB?) G. W. Foster – HIF05

  30. 325 MHzFront-EndLinac Single Klystron Feeds SCRF Linac to E > 100 MeV SCRF Spoke Resonator Cryomodules Charging Supply MEBT RFQ Modulator Capacitor / Switch / Bouncer Ferrite Tuners RF Distribution Waveguide 115kV Pulse Transformer 325 MHz Klystron – Toshiba E3740A (JPARC)

  31. Room-Temperature Front Endfor Proton Driver at SMTF / Meson 2-Phase LHe Distribution Header Superconducting Solenoids Room Temp Spoke (C-H) Resonators H- Ion Source RFQ Alignment Rails for Beam Experiments G. W. Foster – HIF05

  32. Toward Selecting an H- Ion Source The SNS Ion Source Test Bench and LEBT • Beam tests on the SNS RF H- ion source (Doug Moehs) • 3.1 ms long pulse, 11.5 mA average, at 5 Hz • The SNS routinely runs 1 ms long pulses, 30 mA at 60 Hz • Plan to test the DESY H- source at 3 msec in next • few months G. W. Foster – HIF05

  33. History of Magnetron at BNL Need: ~45mA in 0.25pi mm-mrad Circular Aperture magnetron is good candidate H- Source for PD G. W. Foster – HIF05

  34. S L A C

  35. Linac PD Collaboration Possibilities • Transfer Line (based on BNL SNS AP Design) • Transfer Line Collimation Systems • H- Injection Design • H- Foil R&D (Diamond Foils, etc) • Laser H- Wire Scanner  inside ILC Cryostats • Front End Ion Source • Scope: • Design (up to June Lehman Rev) • Hardware (discuss after CD-1: finalize PEP, etc)

  36. SNS / (BNL) H- Foil Stripping Collimation in HEBT Line BNL/SNS Transfer Line, Collimation, Injection • Proton Driver H- beam line is patterned on BNL/SNS HEBT • BNL Construction Responsibility

  37. Proton Driver Collaborators • ANL (weekly meetings & parallel worker contacts) • Spoke Cavity Design & Proto • Test Cryostats (two copies, one for ANL & one for Meson Lab) • 325 MHz high power RF couplers • Design of 10-cavity cryomodules • Accelerator Physics Design • RFQ & Warm Front End Design • CERN • Fast 325 MHz bunch-by-bunch chopper (collaboration with SPL: 352 MHz chopper) • Fast, High rep-rate Electronic Pulser is main effort • DESY: • H- Source Design (preferred option at present; test pending) • Standing offer for Ferrite Vector Modulator Test @DESY • JPARC / KEK • 325 MHz RFQ / Front end construction drawings; indirect help with Klystron • LANL • LEDA beam analysis equipment  SMTF Proton Driver Front End Tests? • MSU • Low-loss beta=0.81 Design & Proto • LLNL • High Power RF Coupler Design [under discussion] • NIU • Instrumentation for front end beam tests @ meson lab • SNS / LBL • H- Ion Source Tests • Construction Drawings • Accelerator Physics Design • SLAC • Ongoing: Construction of Redundant IGBT switches & control for 2 modulators • [Concept:] Unitary RF fanout Assembly containing 1 leg of RF fanout w/ferrite control workshop • [Under Discussion:] non-contacting-warm-to-cold RF Coupler prototype • INDIA: [CAT+others?] interested in building a sister machine w/shared design & parts

  38. Proton Driver R&D Goals • Extend TESLA-style RF split to Proton Linacs • Drive Linac up to 110 MeV with single klystron • Beam test of fast Ferrite Vector Modulators - key for Proton Driver • Challenging Mix of Copper and SCRF loads for LLRF • Transition to Superconducting RF at 15 MeV (perhaps 10 MeV) • Much lower than e.g. SNS - 186 MeV • First beam test of SCRF Spoke Resonators • Transverse Focusing with Superconducting Solenoids • Axisymmetric beams from 3 MeV RFQ to 110 MeV • Better emittance growth & Halo properties predicted • Reduce downstream mitigation costs for PD Project • Prototype Next-Generation “Bouncer” Modulator • Prototype a suite of “ILC-compatible” beta<1 cavites and resonators • 3 msec pulse width tests for Klystrons and SCRF • Actually make a 325 MHz bunch-by-bunch chopper work • Collaboration with CERN (SPL: 352 MHz) • 1300 MHz β=1 Cryomodule with phase shifters - Beam Test & Coupler Processing • Prototype Program for 1300 MHz β=0.81 low-loss cavities 325 MHz PD Front End Tests @Meson 1300 MHz

  39. Ferrite Vector Modulator R&D • Provides fast, flexible drive to individual cavites of a proton linac, when one is using a TESLA-style RF fanout.(1 klystron feeds 36 cavities) • Also needed if Linac alternates between e- and P. • This R&D was started by SNS but dropped due to lack of time. SNS went to one-klystron-per-cavity which cost them a lot of money ($20M - $60M). Making this technology work is important to the financial feasibility of the 8 GeV Linac. G.W.Foster - SCRF Proton Driver

  40. 325 MHz RF System MODULATOR: FNAL/TTF Reconfigurable for 1,2 or 3 msec beam pulse 110 kV 10 kV IGBT Switch & Bouncer CAP BANK Charging Supply 300kW Single JPARC Klystron 325MHz 3 MW 10kV TOSHIBA E3740A Pulse Transformer& Oil Tank WR2300 Distribution Waveguide RF Couplers 120 kW 20 kW 20 kW 400kW I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M I Q M Fast Ferrite Isolated I/Q Modulators Cables to Tunnel R F Q M E B T S S R S S R D S R D S R H- Radio Frequency Quadrupole Medium Energy Beam Transport Copper Cavities Cryomodule #1 Single-Spoke Resonators Cryomodule #2 Double-Spoke Resonators G. W. Foster – HIF05

  41. RF Fan-out for 8 GeV Linac G.W.Foster - Proton Driver

  42. RF Fanout at Each Cavity ? SLAC / FNAL Collaboration to develop unitary Component containing All components for one leg of TESLA RF Fanout including dynamic tuning?

  43. ELECTRONICALLY ADJUSTABLEE-H TUNER (1300 MHz Waveguide) FERRITE LOADED SHORTED STUBS CHANGE ELECTRICAL LENGTH DEPENDING ON DC MAGNETIC BIAS. TWO COILS PROVIDE INDEPENDENT PHASE AND AMPLITUDE CONTROL OF CAVITIES

  44. High Power Ferrite Modulator Test at FNAL 1300 MHz Klystron T = 250 µsec F = 5 Hz Existing A0 Klystron was used for testing

  45. Coaxial Phase Shifter • Coax design is preferred • at 325MHz • In-house design tested to 660kW at 1300 MHz • Tested at 250 kW at Argonne with APS 352MHz Klystron • Fast coil and flux return should respond in ~50us

  46. Ferrite Vector Modulator R&D Summary • Successful full power prototypes at 1300 MHz and 325 MHz • Big cost savings for β<1 SCRF Linacs • Many applications for both ILC and Proton Driver • Proceeding to System Tests with Beam G. W. Foster – HIF05

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