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What will we learn today? 11.4 Students trace the rise of the US to its role as a world power 11.4.5 Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of WWI on the home front. 11.4.4 Big Stick Diplomacy , Dollar Diplomacy, and Moral Diplomacy. Take out study guide for stamp.
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What will we learn today?11.4 Students trace the rise of the US to its role as a world power11.4.5 Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of WWI on the home front.11.4.4 Big Stick Diplomacy, Dollar Diplomacy, and Moral Diplomacy Take out study guide for stamp Unit: WWI and Its Aftermath It’s 1919. You’re the US and you’ve just won WWI. You’re sitting at a table with Germany. What conditions will you place in the Treaty of Versailles? Will you choose punishment or peace? How will you prevent WWII?
Assignment : 6.3 A Bloody Conflict Chapter 6.3
Objective Students will be able to: Explain how changes in technology affected the course of the war Analyze President Wilson’s peace plan following World War I and reasons it was rejected by Congress.
Essential Question How did WWI change America’s view on foreign policy, and how did the Treaty of Versailles set the stage for WWII?
Big Idea World War I changed the nature of combat. Although President Wilson’s post-war plan for Germany was forgiving, the allies decided to punish Germany with the Treaty of Versailles.
WWI- 1917 • By 1917 WWI had already devastated Europe • New technologies caused more destruction than ever before • Many Americans and Europeans believed American troops would quickly bring the war to an end
Soldiers digging trenches while protected against gas attacks
Trench Warfare: Conditions • Lice • Rats • Flooded trenches • Diseases • Decaying flesh
Mustard gas Mustard Gas Mustard gas shell burst
Warfare had changed • New technologies did not speed up war but killed more people more effectively • Trench warfare created a stalemate- no side moved for long periods of time
Doughboys • 2 million American troops marched into bloody stalemate • American soldiers were inexperienced but the were fresh, so their presence immediately boosted the morale of Allied forces
Winning the war at sea • Americans successfully sailed to Europe without any casualties using the convoy system, or traveling in large groups
Checking for Understanding Why did people think American troops would bring a quick end to the war? There were lots of them and people thought American troops would boost the morale of the European soldiers
Checking for Understanding What is a stalemate? When neither side is moving for a really long time
Checking for Understanding What’s an example of new technology that was used during WWI? Airplanes, tanks, mustard gas, machine guns
Russia Leaves the war • 1917 riots broke out in Russia over the gov’ts handling of the war • Russian Czar abdicated his throne • A provisional government was established but was quickly overthrown by Vladimir Lenin (leader of the Bolshevik Party) • Communist government was established • Pulled Russia out of the war. Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Germany attempts to take paris • With Germany no longer concerned with Russia it could focus its energy on the West • March 1918- Germans launch a massive attack along the Western Front • Germans pushed deep into Allied lines • By June they were less than 40 miles from Paris
Germany attempts to take paris • Americans and French troops blocked the German drive to Paris • In July Germans launched one last massive attack, attempting to take Paris • By September American troops had driven back the Germans
Battle of Argonne forest It was the most massive attack in US history • 600,000 American troops • 40,000 tons of supplies • 4,000 artillery pieces • By November Americans had shattered German defenses and opened a hole in their line
Checking for Understanding Why did Russia pull out of WWI? To focus on the revolution that was going on in their own country
Checking for Understanding Why was Germany able to focus on just the Western Front? Because Russia had pulled out of the war, so there was no one left to worry about on the Eastern Front
Checking for Understanding Who won the Battle of Argonne Forest? The Allies!
11-11-11, 1918 • Revolution engulfed Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire surrendered • German citizens rebelled, forcing the German emperor to step down • On the 11th hour, of the 11th day, of the 11th month, 1918 the fighting stopped • Germany finally signed an armistice, or cease fire, that ended the war
Big Four • A peace conference began in Paris to try and resolve the complicated issues arising from WWI • Germany was not invited • Leaders of the victorious Allied nations, known as the “Big Four” • Wilson- Unites States • Orlando- Italy • George- Great Britain • Clemenceau- France Woodrow Wilson Vittorio Orlando Georges Clemenceau David Lloyd George
Wilson's 14 Points • Wilson presented his plan known as the 14 Points Goal: To create a just and lasting peace • Points 1-4: Ending secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, and reducing national armies and navies • Point 5: Adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial peoples • Point 6-13: Specific suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations • Point 14: Proposed a “general association of nations” that would protect “great and small states alike” known as the League of Nations
League of Nations • The League’s member nations would help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect each other’s territory and political independence.
Treaty of versailles • The other Allied governments saw Wilson’s plan as too lenient towards the “aggressor” nations especially Germany. • Treaty of Versailles, was signed by Germany in 1919 with little influence from Wilson’s 14 points • Goal of the treaty was to punish German more than to create a lasting peace
