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Take out

Take out . Pen Highlighter's). Homework For Wednesday Night. Read: The rest of chapter 24 Quiz: Chapter 24-3 Message Board Question: 24-3 Complete number 1, 2 on the DBQ. Look at the Question on the next slide. Write down and answer the following questions. .

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  1. Take out • Pen • Highlighter's)

  2. Homework For Wednesday Night • Read: The rest of chapter 24 • Quiz: Chapter 24-3 • Message Board Question: 24-3 • Complete number 1, 2 on the DBQ.

  3. Look at the Question on the next slide. Write down and answer the following questions. 1. Answer the question correctly.2. List the part of PERSIA this question addresses. 3. Explain what the questions is asking you.

  4. Compared to the Italian humanist, northern humanists were more devoted to __________ reforms. Religious Political Social Intellectual Linguistic

  5. Christianity and the Church Under Siege A. Intellectual Skepticism

  6. Christianity and the Church Under Siege • Advances in Science, medicine, and Philosophy challenged the belief in people’s religion and the Church. II. Intellectual Skepticism • intellectual attack on Christianity 1. challenged credibility, scientific accuracy, morality in religion a). Beginning with the Age of Enlightenment, critics would point out contradictions within Bible

  7. Christianity and the Church Under Siege • III. David Friedrich Strauss • (1808-1874) • 1. author: The Life of Jesus- • a). questioned whether Bible • provided genuine historical • evidence about Jesus • 2. Stated the story of Jesus was a • myth • a. story came about as result of • aspirations (hope to achieve something) of • people of that time and place • rather than actual event

  8. Christianity and the Church Under SiegeIV. History • Julius Wellhausen (1844-1918), Germany, B. Ernst Renan (1823-1892), France, C. Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) 1. Stated that human authors had written and revised books of the Bible with the problems of Jewish society and politics in mind. a). The Bible was not an inspired book. It had been written by normal human beings in a primitive (beginning stages) society b). The Questioning of the bible led literate men and women lose faith in the church.

  9. Christianity and the Church Under SiegeV. Science • William Paley (1743-1805), Natural Theology, B. Charles Lyell (1797-1875), Geological work, 1. both suggested Earth was much older than Biblical records contended. a. looked a natural causes to explain… 1. Floods 2. Mountains 3. Valleys b). Lyell Removed the idea of God physically developing earth. 2. Anthropologists, psychologists, and sociologists stated a). religious sentiments were just another set of nature.

  10. Christianity and the Church Under Siege VI. Morality • Intellectuals questioned morality of Christianity 1. Violence, cruelty, unpredictability of Old Testament did not sit well with tolerant liberals

  11. Christianity and the Church Under Siege B. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), German. a. portrayed religion that glorified weakness rather than strength life required (think social Darwinism) b. Nietzsche felt religion demanded useless & debilitating sacrifice of flesh (seen as weak) & spirit rather than heroic living and daring 1. “war and courage have accomplished more great things than love of neighbor”

  12. Christianity and the Church Under Siege • Negative climate towards religion by the beginning of the 20th century. 1. fewer men joined clergy 2. ordinary people could not relate to Church and found out they could live quite well without it

  13. Conflict Between Church and State • Religious Conflict • Catholics & Protestants clashed over ideology & interpretation. • liberals disliked traditional religious dogma & political privileges of established traditional churches. • The MAIN conflict between church and state was religious education. 1. Churches feared that future generations would grow up without any religious teachings.

  14. Conflict Between Church and State II. Great Britain- • Education Act of 1870 • provided for state-supported schools run by elected officials (previously govt. had given funds to religious schools) • New Schools were teach areas that religious schools did not teach. • rivalry between Anglican Church education and other Protestant faiths not part of Anglican Church • Education Act of 1902 • govt., provided state support for both religious & non-religious schools but imposed same standards on both

  15. Conflict Between Church and State III. France- • France had dual system of Catholic and Public schools. • Falloux Law of 1850: local priest provided religious education in public schools • Jules Ferry (1832-1893) • sponsored laws which replaced religious training with civic training a. number of public schools increased & religious members no longer were able to teach religious studies

  16. Conflict Between Church and State • French Radical govt., of Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau (1846-1904), supporter of the Dreyfus groups (Dreyfus affair), suppressed Catholic religious orders a. Napoleonic Concordat terminated, Church & State separated

  17. Conflict Between Church and State

  18. Conflict Between Church and State IV. Germany- • 1870’s and Kulturkampf • At the time of unification, German Catholic Church wanted freedom for the Churches written in the Constitution. • initially, Otto von Bismarck not interested in such affairs but soon felt threatened by Catholic Center political party 2. 1870-1871, Bismarck removed clergy from overseeing local education in Prussia & set it under state standards a). beginning of concerted attack on Catholic Church in Germany

  19. Conflict Between Church and State • May Laws of 1873 • applied to Prussia, requiring priests to be educated in German schools, universities, and to pass state exams • state could veto appointments of priests • state abolished disciplinary power of Pope & clergy and transferred it to the state • many of clergy failed to obey laws so were arrested or expelled (including all Catholic Bishops from Prussia)

  20. Conflict Between Church and State • May Laws of 1873 (Continued) • kulturkampf failure for Bismarck as ended attacks on German Catholics by end of 1870’s. • Bismarck gained control of education and civil laws pertaining to marriage.

  21. The Roman Catholic Church and the Modern World I. Pope Pius IX (1846-1878)- • counter-offensive against European liberalism • 1864 issued Syllabus of Errors • official policy of Roman Catholic Church against then contemporary science, philosophy, and politics C. 1869-1st Vatican Council-came up with Church dogma (principles) of Papal infallibility when speaking officially on matters of faith and morals (Papal Infallibility: The Church was not wrong) D. 1st Vatican Council ended 1870-no previous pope had asserted total centralized power

  22. The Roman Catholic Church and the Modern World E. All this occurred during Franco-Prussian war with Italian troops occupying Rome 1. Church territory limited to Vatican City (smallest city in world today) 2. Church belief that it could survive with other modern nation-states only by centering authority of the Church with the pope.

  23. II. Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903), 68 at the time of his election- • focused on philosophy of Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) to reconcile differences between Church and modern world • regarding faith and reason • 1891-Rerum Novarum, (sent to all bishops) 1. defended private property 2. religious education 3. religious control of marriage 4. condemned socialism & Marxism 5. employers should pay proper wages, permit union organization a). Many political Parties are founded on

  24. The Roman Catholic Church and the Modern World C. Pope Pius X (1903-1914)- • sought to restore traditional devotional life • 1903-1907, condemned Catholic modernism • A movement of modern biblical criticism within the church. • required priests to take anti-modernist oath • The struggle between the church and modern thought continued.

  25. Islam and Late 19th Century European Thought • Europeans and Islam • Islam received the same treatment as Christianity & Judaism-historical phenomena. • Islam is seen as a product of a particular culture. • Renan & Weber dismissed Islam as a religion closed to developing science and new ideas • Jamal al-din Al-Afghani (1839-1879), Egyptian intellectual • argued that Islam would produce culture as modern as any in Europe.

  26. Christian Missionaries • They blamed Islam for • Arab economic backwardness • Mistreatment of women • Condoning slavery • The penalty for rejecting Islam was death, resulted in • Missionaries making few conversions to Christianity. • Instead of converting missionaries founded • Schools and hospitals • Hoped that these institutions would lead to Muslims converting to Christianity. • Intuitions educated the Arabs in Western Science, medicine, many students became leaders within the Middle East • missionaries were more sympathetic to Arab political aspirations

  27. Islam and Late 19th Century European Thought II. Islamic Response to European Thought, Science, and Technology • Salafiyya movement felt no contradiction between science and Islam • Arab world would cease imitating West and develop its own modern society on the basis of a pure, restored Islamic faith. • emphasized rational reading of Qur’an • this idea led many Muslims to outright reject Western thought/influence

  28. Islam and Late 19th Century European Thought • Other Islamic movements simply rejected Western thought- • Mahdist movement in the Sudan • Sanussiya movement in Libya • Wahhabist movement in (Saudi) Arabia (Arabian Peninsula)

  29. The End!

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