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Ancient Greece: Rise of City-States and Battles of the Past

Explore the evolution of Greek political systems, the birth of Hoplite Phalanx, and the epic battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis in the 5th century B.C. Would you choose to be an Athenian or Spartan and why?

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Ancient Greece: Rise of City-States and Battles of the Past

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  1. Warring City States750 B.C. • Why it matters now? • Many political systems in today’s world evolved in Greece.

  2. Rule & Order in Greek City-States • What is a Polis? • The basic political unit (city & countryside) • Who ruled them? • Monarchy- King • Aristocracy- small group of nobles • Oligarchy- ruled by few powerful men

  3. A New Kind of Army • At first only bronze weapons • Only rich could afford them • Steel made weapons cheaper & affordable • This allowed all citizens to purchase weapons • Result- The Hoplite Phalanx • It was the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world

  4. Sparta • Spartans valued –duty , strength, & duty • “Return Victorious or on your shield” • It develops a military state • Conquered Messenians(helots) are their slaves • Two kings ruled with a council of elders • Spartan education – Rough life • Women- Public life- Ran wrestled & played sports

  5. Athens • Athens avoids civil war by developing a democracy • Solon Reforms the legal system, the assembly , trade, but neglected the peasants • Cleisthenes reforms the assembly • He creates the Council of 500(citizens) to balance power against the nobles • Women –Girly life out of site.

  6. The Persian Wars490 B.C.- 479 B.C. • Battle of Marathon-10,000 Greeks Vs 25,000 Persian, Phalanx destroys Persians • 6400 dead Persians to 192 Greeks • Pheidippides- ran from Marathon to Athens to report the win & not give up the city • Battle of Thermopylae- Xerxes of Persia brings an enormous invasion force • 300 Spartans make a stand to allow for a retreat • Held of the entire army for 3 days before dying

  7. Cont. • Battle of Salamis (Naval Battle) • Surprise attack by Greeks destroys 1/3 of Xerxes fleet • He watches in horror from a chair on a cliff • Battle of Plataea- Final defeat of Xerxes • This begins the Greece Golden Age

  8. Now • Write an essay- Would you rather be an Athenian or Spartan? • Why?

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