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The Papal Reform Movement

The Papal Reform Movement. Background: The Roman Empire and After. The Institution of the Papacy Matthew 16:18-19 Gelasian doctrine: two swords The Institution of Kingship Imperial (divine) Germanic (Charlemagne) The status of the 10 th century church Papacy

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The Papal Reform Movement

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  1. The Papal Reform Movement

  2. Background: The Roman Empire and After • The Institution of the Papacy • Matthew 16:18-19 • Gelasian doctrine: two swords • The Institution of Kingship • Imperial (divine) • Germanic (Charlemagne) • The status of the 10th century church • Papacy • Countryside: “core bishops” and abbots • Donation of Constantine

  3. Early Efforts at Reform • Peace of God • Document 1: RodulfusGlaberDescription of the Peace and Truce of God • Document 2: Bishops of the Auvergne Canons of the Council of Le Puy • What is the focus of these documents? How are church buildings, lands, and personnel set apart? • Cluny • Document 3: William of Aquitaine Foundation Charter of the Monastery of Cluny 910 • How does William perceive his own role? • Why might he be doing this? • What is being given away? • What do the prohibitions tell us about the typical fate of monastic lands?

  4. Steps to Reform • Synod of Sutri (Document 13) • Chaos in the succession of the papacy: “In this year (1046) a great uprising occurred in Rome and a huge crowd deposed the pope” • Henry III takes the office of patricius • Leo IX (1049-1054): Reforming pope • Instituted the College of Cardinals • Papal Election Decree (Document 15) 1059

  5. Prelude to Investiture Controversy • Contrast: East Francia (“Germany”), West Francia (“France”), Italy • West Francia: Feudal estates as described in Hugh of Lusignan document • Ottonian Empire: importance of bishops • Early reformers: • Document 5: Peter Damian A Letter to Bishop Cunibert of Turin 1064 • Representation of sexuality • Representation of women • Document 8: Pope Gregory VII A Letter to Adela, Countess of Flanders • What is at stake in concerns about the sacraments? • Document 9: Humber of Silva Candida On Simony • Why might sacraments performed by such people be invalid? • Document 10: Peter Damian On Simony

  6. Gregory VII vs. Henry IV • Questions: • Why does Backman think the reform of the church was of such vital importance? • What problems besieged the church in the 9th and 10th centuries? • What was the role of forged documents in the church's efforts at constructing an identity? • What were the three major issues for reformers, and why were they important? • What was at stake for Henry IV in the conflict with Gregory VII? What was at stake for the pope? • What were the political implications for Henry of his excommunication? • Who do you think came out the winner in the episode at Canossa? • How does Rosenwein regard the outcome of this reform movement? • Terms: • DictatusPapae • Simony • Canossa • Concordat of Worms

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