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The Papal Monarchy

The Papal Monarchy. Innocent III, the Fourth Lateran Council, and the Fourth Crusade. Popes and Kings. Henry II and Becket Benefit of Cleregy : trial in ecclesiastical court Source 6.15 Murder of Becket. Emperors Frederick I (Barbarossa) and Frederick II

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The Papal Monarchy

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  1. The Papal Monarchy Innocent III, the Fourth Lateran Council, and the Fourth Crusade

  2. Popes and Kings • Henry II and Becket • Benefit of Cleregy: trial in ecclesiastical court • Source 6.15 • Murder of Becket • Emperors Frederick I (Barbarossa) and Frederick II • Incident at besancon (Source 6.16) • Barbarossa’s invasion of northern Italy • Lombard League, Peace of Constance • Frederick II’s parentage • Union of Empire, Sicily • Pope Innocent accepts Sicily as a papal fief

  3. Innocent III • Papal Monarchy: outcome of reform movement • Canon law and extension of papal bureaucracy • Source 6.12 • Corruption • Sources 6.13, 6.14 • Fourth Lateran Council • Select Canons, 1215

  4. Fourth Crusade: Background • Saladin’s 1187 Conquest of Jerusalem (source 6.1) • Failure of Third Crusade to recapture city • Tensions with Byzantium • Crisis in Byzantine imperial family • Deposition of Isaac II Angelos by brother, Alexios III • Contract with Venetians for transport • Enrico Dandalo, doge • Innocent III’s assent, but ban on attacking Christian states • Ban violated by attack on Zara: more ships than crusaders • Innocent excommunicated the crusaders

  5. Fourth Crusade (cont.) • Alexios IV’s offer (Isaac’s son) • Pay debts, turn over eastern church to pope if restored to throne • Innocent III’s response was ambiguous • Alexios III fled city, Isaac restored; Alexios IV declared co-emperor at Crusaders’ insistance • Opposition to Alexios’s plan • Money not forthcoming • Alexios V takes over (Doukas) • April 13, 1204: conquest of Constantinople • Sacking of city (Source 6.4) • Latin Empire (1204-1261)

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