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Bellringer

Bellringer. Open Ch. 2 Vocabulary on your computer for homework check! Download today’s notes on the class website: Major Italian States Answer the following question:

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • Open Ch. 2 Vocabulary on your computer for homework check! • Download today’s notes on the class website: Major Italian States • Answer the following question: • 1. Based on what you know about geography, why do you think Italy became a major trading center during the Renaissance? (Look at a map to help you!) • 2. What effect do you think this trade had on Italy?

  2. Silk Road

  3. Essential Question How can trade lead to economic prosperity and political power?

  4. Major Italian States • Italy was much more urban than the rest of Europe in the late Middle Ages • Define urban: • A thriving trade network existed there. Why? • This encouraged the exchange of ideas that led to the Renaissance. • This idea is called cultural diffusion!

  5. Let’s Set the Record Straight! • Italy was not one unified countrylike it is today. No single strong ruler. It was patchwork of small states that were independent of each other. • Five major states dominated the Italian peninsula: • Define dominate: • Milan • Venice • Florence • Papal States • Kingdom of Naples • These states were economically powerful, and played important roles in Italian culture and politics. • Define economy:

  6. Milan & Venice • Milan • Crossroads of major trade route • Ruled by the Visconti and Sforza families • Strong centralized state with efficient tax system • Venice • Link between Asia and Western Europe • Republic (Define republic: ) • International power ruled by merchants

  7. Florence Ruled by Cosimode’Mediciand his family Did not hold office, but used their wealth and influence to control Florence Patron of scholars, artists, and writers in Florence Wanted Florence to be the most beautiful city in the world

  8. Florence c. 1500

  9. Lorenzo de’Medici • “Lorenzo showed the same favor to poetry in the vernacular, to music, architecture, painting, sculpture, and to all the arts of mind and hand, so that the city of Florence overflowed with all these exquisite things. And these arts flourished all the more because Lorenzo, a universal man, could pass judgment and distinguish among men, so that they competed with one another to please him.” • -Francesco Guicciardini, from History of Florence

  10. Procession of the Magi

  11. Florence The Church declined slightly as the Italian states grew wealthier During an economic decline, a preacher condemned the Medici family and had them exiled from Florence Eventually the people turned on the preacher, and after questioning the pope, he was accused of heresy and executed The Medici’s returned to rule Florence

  12. Papal State & Kingdom of Napals • Papal States • Centered around Rome • Under the control of the Catholic Church • Kingdom of Napals • Only one ruled by a heredity monarch • Define: heredity monarch

  13. Italian Wars Although Italy was not united, other places in Europe developed strong monarchical states (ex. Spain, France) France wanted the wealth of Italy and invaded Napals in the south Northern Italy turned to Spain for help – France and Spain fought in Italy for the next 30 years

  14. Italian Wars In 1527, Spanish troops of Charles I reached Rome and sacked the city Troops included mercenaries from different countries that hadn’t been paid in months. “If you have ever dreamed of pillaging a town and laying hold of its treasures, here now is one, the richest of them all, queen of the world.” Wars continued until 1559

  15. Machiavelli on Power Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince How to get, and keep, political power Middle Ages emphasized duty of rulers to follow Christian moral principles Machiavelli rejected this

  16. Machiavelli on Power He believed that morality was unrelated to politics Humans are motivated by self-interest A prince acts on behalf of the state – A leader must do good when possible, but evil when necessary Ends justify the means Major impact on politics to this day

  17. Machiavelli “Everyone realizes how praiseworthy it is for a prince to honor his word and to be straightforward rather than crafty in his dealings; none the less, contemporary experience shows that princes who have achieved great thingshave been those who have given their word lightly, who have known how to trick men with their cunning, and who, in the end, have overcome those abiding by honest principles.”

  18. Review! 1. What were some of the effects of extensive trade in Italy? 2. What is the Medici family famous for? 3. Why did the Italian Wars take place? 4. Explain Machiavelli’s views on political leadership.

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