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Institutional Development for Agricultural Heritage Conservation

Institutional Development for Agricultural Heritage Conservation. Wageningen International Frank van Schoubroeck and ArendJan van Bodegom. Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). GIAHS is an FAO initiative to Define & recognise AHS

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Institutional Development for Agricultural Heritage Conservation

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  1. Institutional Development for Agricultural Heritage Conservation Wageningen International Frank van Schoubroeck and ArendJan van Bodegom

  2. Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) • GIAHS is an FAO initiative to • Define & recognise AHS • Contribute to “dyanamic conservation” of such systems

  3. FAO’s definition of GIAHS: • Remarkable land use systems and landscapes • rich in biodiversity • [resulting from] the co-adaptation of a rural community with its environment In short: GIAHSs are socio-ecological agricultural systems

  4. ‘dynamic conservation’ is piloted in six sites, e.g.,Chiloe Islands, Chilli - potato systems

  5. Rice terrace systems:Philippines–Ifugao; China–Rice-Fish

  6. Maghreb Oases systems

  7. Market Government Market Government GIAHS Institutional change GIAHS Project Culture The assignment of GIAHS projects: How?

  8. Case: Gafsa Oasis in Tunesia

  9. Gafsa town & oasis are over 2,000 years old

  10. Traditional three-level cultivation system:-Palm trees-Fruit crops-Annual crops

  11. Threats to oasis system:Palm & fruit tree logging; annual cropping

  12. NGO project: awareness raising about oasis system: promote multiple cropping layers

  13. NGO Project: Niche Market Development for oasis products

  14. Chat with Oasis farmers: why do you cut palm & fruit tree layers?

  15. Farmers tell that most land is under absentee landowners, who employ labour for maximum 1-2 seasons … effectiveness awareness raising & niche marketing?

  16. Q&D Reconstruction of Land holding history Gafsa oasis • Traditionally: local chief system administered land holding • 1950s: State enforced land holding certification and undermined traditional system • Now: absentee landowners keep labourers “unattached” • State does not enforce labourer rights • Thus, labourers invest for short-term only, kill palm trees: • Thus, the oasis system disintegrates, even if under different conditions it is viable and sustainable

  17. Tenure policy for agricultural labourers FAO GIAHS concept Ministry of Trade GIAHS Recognition Agriculture labour legal protection Ministry of Agriculture State Government Institutions Enforcement of tenure rights Local government Farmers’ community Secure land tenure for labourers Existing context Maintenance of multi-layered crop system Agriculture labourers Viability of the Oasis system What to do to address land tenure? Outcome Framework for Land Tenure Governance Mechanism:

  18. Governance Mechanism Development Land Tenure for GIAHS

  19. Possible Governance mechanism development for “urgent issues” in oasis conservation: • Water table management • Land conversion to buildings • Tourism/park development for town • Niche marketing of oasis products

  20. Conclusion • Changing institutional environments undermine Agricultural Heritage Systems (– and possibly most Low External Input Agriculture) • Result is agri-system disintegration & loss of livelihood opportunities for large groups of of farmers • A possible approach is multiple actors realising governance mechanisms to address urgent issues • Upcoming opportunities such as tourism, niche marketing etc. are “urgent issues” for the viability of agricultural heritage systems

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