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December 2010 ak

Infectious Diseases: General Infections Presented by: APS Healthcare Southwestern PA Health Care Quality Unit (HCQU). December 2010 ak. Disclaimer.

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December 2010 ak

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  1. Infectious Diseases: General InfectionsPresented by: APS HealthcareSouthwestern PA Health Care Quality Unit(HCQU) December 2010 ak

  2. Disclaimer Information or education provided by the HCQU is not intended to replace medical advice from the consumer’s personal care physician, existing facility policy or federal, state and local regulations/codes within the agency jurisdiction. The information provided is not all inclusive of the topic presented. Certificates for training hours will only be awarded to those who attend a training in its entirety. Attendees are responsible for submitting paperwork to their respective agencies.

  3. Note of Clarification While mental retardation (MR) is still recognized as a clinical diagnosis, in an effort to support the work of self-advocates, the APS SW PA HCQU will be using the terms intellectual and/or developmental disability (ID/DD) to replace mental retardation (MR) when feasible.

  4. Objectives Identify signs and symptoms of common bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. List the various cycles in the infection process Describe when medical treatment should be sought Discuss preventative measures that reduce the risk of infection.

  5. Definition of Infection The invasion of the human body by a pathogen, such as a bacterium, fungus, virus or parasite, resulting in an infectious process.

  6. Infectious Process: Chain of Infection

  7. Contributing Factors: Individuals Most at Risk Individuals most at risk Age General health Risks of exposure Individuals most at Risk

  8. Four Main Types of Infections Bacterial Viral Fungal Parasitic

  9. Infections: Medical Therapies and Home Remedies Medical Therapies Home Remedies

  10. Bacterial Infection: Definition Invasion of bacteria into the body or bodily tissues resulting in an infectious process.

  11. Bacterial Infections: Common Infections Streptococcal Sore Throat Bacterial “Sinusitis” Otitis Media Bacterial Conjunctivitis Urinary Tract Infection

  12. Streptococcal Sore Throat / Strep Throat: Definition Acute bacterial inflammation: sore throat caused by the bacterium Streptococcus

  13. Strep Throat: Signs and Symptoms Throat pain Difficulty swallowing Inflamed tonsils – red with signs of pus Swollen tender lymph glands (nodes) Fever Headache Fatigue

  14. Strep Throat: Diagnosis Physical exam Throat culture

  15. Strep Throat: Treatment Medical Therapies Antibiotics Pain/fever reducers Home Remedies: Rest Increase fluids Bland/soft diet Humidification of air Avoidance of irritants

  16. Strep Throat: Prevention Hand washing Covering of mouth Replacement of toothbrushes Avoid sharing personal Items

  17. Bacterial “Sinusitis”: Definition An infection and inflammation of the sinus cavities by a disease causing bacterial agent.

  18. Bacterial “Sinusitis”: Signs and Symptoms Drainage of a thick yellow or greenish discharge (nose or throat) Nasal congestion Pain/tenderness around eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead Aching in upper jaw or teeth Reduced sense of smell or taste Cough Fatigue Fever

  19. Bacterial “Sinusitis”: Diagnosis Physical exam Nasal & Sinus cultures Imaging studies

  20. Bacterial “Sinusitis”: Treatment Medical Therapies Antibiotics Nasal Corticosteroids Decongestants Pain/fever reducers Home Remedies Rest Increase of fluids Warm compresses to face

  21. Bacterial “Sinusitis”: Prevention Proper Hand washing Avoid upper respiratory infections Avoid smoking or other air pollutants Humidification of air

  22. Otitis Media: Definition An infection and inflammation of the middle ear caused by a bacterial agent.

  23. Otitis Media: Signs and Symptoms Ear pain Drainage of fluid from ears Diminished hearing Sore throat Fever

  24. Otitis Media: Diagnosis Physical Exam – Pneumatic Otoscope Tympanocentesis Hearing evaluation

  25. Otitis Media: Treatment Medical Therapies Antibiotics Medicated ear drops Fever/pain reducers Home Remedies Warm compresses to ear

  26. Otitis Media: Prevention Proper hand washing techniques Avoidance of upper respiratory infections Avoid smoking or air pollutants

  27. Bacterial Conjunctivitis “Pink Eye”: Definition An inflammation and infection of the conjunctiva of the eye due to a bacterial agent.

  28. Bacterial Conjunctivitis “Pink Eye”: Signs and Symptoms Redness in one or both eyes Itchiness in one or both eyes A gritty feeling in one or both eyes Yellow discharge in one or both eyes that forms a crust during the night Tearing

  29. Bacterial Conjunctivitis “Pink Eye”: Diagnosis Physical exam Eye culture

  30. Bacterial Conjunctivitis “Pink Eye”: Treatment Medical Treatment Antibiotic eye drops/ointments Home Remedies Warm compresses to eye Avoiding contact lens wear

  31. Bacterial Conjunctivitis “Pink Eye”: Prevention Hand washing Avoid touching eyes Use a clean washcloth and towel daily Do not share personal eye items

  32. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Definition An infection or inflammation of the urinary tract system caused by a bacterial agent.

  33. Urinary Tract Infection: Signs and Symptoms Urinary urgency Burning sensation upon urination Passing frequent small amount of urine Cloudy urine Foul-smelling urine Pelvic Pain

  34. Urinary Tract Infection: Diagnosis Physical exam Urinalysis Urine culture

  35. Urinary Tract Infection: Treatment Medical Therapies Antibiotic therapy Urinary pain relievers (Pyridium, Uristat) Fever / pain reducers Home Remedies Rest Increase fluids Heat application for pain

  36. Urinary Tract Infection: Prevention Genital cleansing technique Cotton underwear Avoid irritants Frequent changing of incontinent aids

  37. Viral Infections: Definition Invasion of a virus into the body or bodily tissues resulting in an infectious process.

  38. Viral Infections: Common Viruses Rhinovirus “Common Cold” Influenza Viral Gastroenteritis

  39. Rhinovirus “Common Cold”: Definition A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat).

  40. Rhinovirus “Common Cold”: Signs and Symptoms Runny or stuffy nose Itchy or sore throat Cough Congestion Slight body aches Sneezing Watery eyes Low – grade fever

  41. Rhinovirus “Common Cold”: Diagnosis Physical exam

  42. Rhinovirus “Common Cold”: Treatment Medical Therapies – Antibiotics Not Effective!!! Decongestant nasal spray Cough reducers Saline nasal drops Fever/pain reducers Home Therapies Rest Increase fluids Chicken soup Humidification of air NO CURE!!!!

  43. Rhinovirus “Common Cold”: Prevention Hand washing Disinfection of everyday items Proper disposal of tissues Cover mouth when coughing

  44. Influenza (Flu): Definition An acute contagious viral infection characterized by inflammation of the respiratory tract.

  45. Influenza: Signs and Symptoms Fever over 100 degrees Chills and sweats Headache Dry cough Aching muscles Fatigue and weakness Nasal congestion

  46. Influenza: Diagnosis Physical exam Nasal cultures

  47. Influenza: Treatment Medical Therapies Fever/pain reducers Decongestants Cough medicine Antiviral medications Home Remedies REST Increase of fluids

  48. Influenza: Prevention Influenza vaccination Hand washing Proper sneezing and coughing techniques Avoidance of crowds

  49. Viral Gastro-enteritis: Definition An inflammation and infection of the stomach and intestines, caused by a viral agent.

  50. Viral Gastro-enteritis: Signs and Symptoms Watery, loose stools Abdominal cramps and pain Nausea Vomiting Occasional muscle aches Low- grade fever

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