Applications and Requirements

1. PURSUIT Summer School Cambridge, UK August 31, 2011 Applications and Requirements Arto Karila Aalto-HIIT arto.karila@hiit.fi

2. ICT and productivity • It is generally believed that increasing use of ICT is the most important single tool for increasing productivity (see e.g. OECD study “ICT and Economic Growth…”) • Typically deployment of ICT has increased productivity by 10 to 20 %, especially when processed have been revised at the same time • With mobile solutions even 40% increases have been achieved • Experience from developing countries shows that ICT can boost productivity there at least as much as in developed countries • We are still probably utilizing less than 10% of the opportunities of ICT

3. Opportunities of ICT ICT can be utilized a lot more in all areas of life: • Public sector: • Health and elderly care • Education • All public services • True openness and direct participation • Enterprises: • Logistics, ERP, CRM, groupware, … • Mobile access to business-critical systems • Networking with partners, customers, and others • Integration of voice and video

4. Opportunities of ICT (continued) • Private life: • Social media • Entertainment (TV, music, gaming etc.) • Secure and mobile access to public and private services: • Health, social services, taxes etc. • Education • Banking • etc. All this requires a lot from the underlying network

5. Computer networking • Computer networking was developed for mainframes(on the left ENIAC and on the right IBM S/360) • Sharing devices: computers, mass memory, printers etc.which have addresses • Traffic is point-to-pointbetween two devicesor network interfaces • The old paradigm stilllives even though the world around has completely changed • Something has to bedone about this

6. Problems with the current Internet • Over the past 30 years, several major changes have been made to the Internet – always at the last moment • Internet’s success is largely based on its ability to adapt to the changing requirements • With these changes, the end-to-end principle is already destroyed by middle-boxes • We have reached a point, where the Internet is ossified and new transport protocols are virtually impossible • See: Why the Internet only just works, M Handley, BT Technology Journal, Vol. 24 N:o 3, July 2006 • The Internet should be able to accommodate a wider range of tussles • We need a clear separation of the naming space and network functions • The Internet is working on the terms of the sender

7. Network Users – Applications – Data • Users, applications and data are involved in computing • All three are becoming increasingly mobile • The network has to bring these three together in a reliable, secure and efficient way Users Appl. Data

8. Clouds and Grids • Applications are increasingly run in cloud and grid environments • Cloud computing was created to cut down the cost and increase the flexibility of computing • In a cloud, dynamically scalable and often virtualized ICT resources are offered as services over the Internet • Google started packing cheap off-the-shelf computers and DC UPS’s into containers and placing them every-where, cutting the cost of data centers by a factor of 10 • While clouds still are based on computing centers, grids can run in millions of PCs • With ever more powerful portable devices and the proliferation of mobile data, also grids will be increasingly mobile

9. Scalability • The Internet has already scaled to a level that was unconceivable to its original developers • However, new trends will raise the scalability requirement of the Internet to a much higher level: • Proliferation of video (YouTube, IPTV etc.) • Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) • Sensor networks • Internet of things • The amount of video traffic is growing rapidly in wireline and wireless networks • We have to be ready for dozens and hundreds of billions of nodes in the network in the near future • The capacities and abilities of nodes will vary highly

10. About applications • Most applications are still generic in nature and basically the same as in the 1980’s (e.g. office suites) • On the other hand, ERP systems (such as SAP) tend to cement the existing flawed processes • We should be developing applications that directly support work flows thereby increasing productivity • With modern tools (e.g. AJAX and QT) and methods (e.g. agile programming) we should be able to cut down the development time and cost by a factor of 10 • Middleware is getting standardized and applications becoming component-based, easing integration • Applications are dealing with information, which is structured and linked

11. Requirements • The network has to meet the needs of the applications of today and the future: • Mobility of users, data and computation • Scalability up to hundreds of billions of nodes • Efficient handling of video • In-built security, including protection against SPAM and DoS attacks • We are interested in information content – not who is storing it and where • Network has to support access to and processing of large amounts of hierarchically organized information • There needs to be a simple, powerful and efficient API for accessing the services of the network – the API could be generic and run on different networks

12. Conclusions • We need to be able to name and address information rather than hosts or interfaces • We need mechanisms for structuring information and limiting its visibility • We need to have a way to store information graphs in the network and retrieve and process them in an efficient way, not caring about their whereabouts • Information Centric Networking (ICN) and, more specifically, the Publish/Subscribe (pub/sub) paradigm seem to offer solutions to our needs • With pub/sub one does not receive anything that one has not specifically subscribed to, which makes SPAM and DoS attacks very difficult to implement