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1914. 1927. America and the Great War. MAIN THEMES How official American wartime neutrality was something less than actual neutrality and eventually led to full American participation in the war.
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1914 1927 America and the Great War
MAIN THEMES • How official American wartime neutrality was something less than actual neutrality and eventually led to full American participation in the war. • That the American intervention on land and sea provided the balance of victory for the Allies. • How the Wilson administration financed the war, managed the economy, and encouraged public support for the war effort while raising the expectations for the post-war period. • How President Wilson tried to apply his personal and political idealism and morality to the realities of world politics and how he largely failed. • How the American war effort affected the American home front not only during, but immediately after, World War I.
World War I • Timeline • 1914 • June 28 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo. • August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia. • August 4 - Germany invades neutral Belgium. • August 26-30 - Battle of Tannenberg • September 5-10 - First Battle of the Marne.
1915 • May 7 - Lusitania sunk. • August 30 - Responding to American demands, • Germany stops sinking ships without warning. • 1916 • February 21-December 18 - Battle of Verdun. • July 1-November 18 - Battle of the Somme. • November 7 - Woodrow Wilson re-elected.
The Road to War • Preparedness Versus Pacifism • Wilson’s Neutrality
1917 • February 1 - Unrestricted submarine warfare declared by Germany, again. • March-September - Russia collapses. • April 6 - United States declares war on Germany. • December 3 - German-Russian armistice. • 1918 • January 8 - President Wilson presents 14-point plan. • March-June - Ludendorff Offensive. • August 8 - Allied counter-offensives on the Somme. • September 29 - Allies break through the Hindenberg Line. • September-November - Battle of Meuse-Argonne. • October 28 - German sailors mutiny. • November 10 - German republic founded. • November 11 - Armistice signed. • 1919 • June 28 - Treaty of Versailles signed.
The New Technology of Warfare -Machine Gun -Air / Bombing of Cities -Gas -Tanks
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the war, somewhere between 20 and 40 million people.
America and the Great War • The End of Empires • The Fourteen Points • Adjusting boundaries • Principles of international conduct • League of Nations • The Paris Peace Conference • Idealism Vs. Self-Interest • Threat of Communism • Maintenance of League of Nations • The Ratification Battle
America and the Great War • A Society in Turmoil • The Demands of African Americans True Sons of Freedom (Library of Congress)
America and the Great War • A Society in Turmoil • The Red Scare • A. Mitchell Palmer • Sacco and Vanzetti • The Retreat from Idealism