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Sexuality Involves…. Beliefs Values Behaviors Sexual Identity or Orientation: Heterosexual/Homosexual Bisexual Transgender. Sexual Relationship Strengths. Source: Adapted from Olson & Olson 2000. Sexuality and Culture. Universally regulated Influenced by cultural values and standards:
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Sexuality Involves… • Beliefs • Values • Behaviors • Sexual Identity or Orientation: • Heterosexual/Homosexual • Bisexual • Transgender
Sexual Relationship Strengths Source: Adapted from Olson & Olson 2000
Sexuality and Culture • Universally regulated • Influenced by cultural values and standards: • Attractiveness • Behaviors • Attitudes
Marriage Revolutions • Companionate Revolution: Separating Home from Workplace • Fertility Revolution: Separating Sex from Procreation • Contraceptive Revolution: Separating Coitus from Contraception • Sexual Revolution: Separating Sex from Marriage • Reproductive Revolution: Separating Procreation from Marriage • Procreation Revolution: Separating Pregnancy from Parenthood
Sexuality Education • Sexuality plays critical role in healthy couple relationships • Evidence that sexual attitudes and behaviors differ in other countries • US society talks more openly about sex
The Hook-Up Culture • Only 4% of women between 18-23 in non-marital relationships NOT sexually involved with their partner • The idea of “traveling” before marriage • The higher the population of women, the higher the ratio of female sexual activity • Most emerging adults will not experience an unintended pregnancy or an STI, but have already and will continue to experience regrettable sex • Detaching sex from love
American Views … • National poll by Kaiser Family Foundation/ABC • General Findings: • 81% of parents favor broad sexuality programs • Programs should teach abstinence, but also prepare adolescents to use birth control and practice safe sex
Sex Education • Historically problematic in U.S. • High teen pregnancy rates • Irregular and ineffective use of contraception by teenagers • Limited parent-teen communication
Sex Education Programs • Public support • Classes found in: • Public and private schools • Churches and synagogues • General agreement—sexuality education begins in home • Resistance or reluctance by parents often found however
Current research • Within 2 years of having sex for the first time, half of teenage girls may be infected with an STD • A study of 386 urban girls between 14 and 17 years of age, one quarter had Chlamydia by 15 • Repeated infections were common • Group counseling reduced STD transmission • Group counseling increased partner testing for STDs • Girls (and boys) with active father figure postpone first sexual encounter and are less likely to become a teenage parent