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Bellringer

Bellringer. On your map, label the items in the left-hand column (starting with Mediterranean Sea). Agenda. Geography of Africa African Empires. Objectives. Students will be able to… 57. Explain how geography influenced the development of trade in Africa.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • On your map, label the items in the left-hand column (starting with Mediterranean Sea)

  2. Agenda • Geography of Africa • African Empires

  3. Objectives Students will be able to… 57. Explain how geography influenced the development of trade in Africa. 58. Describe the African trading kingdoms of Axum, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai

  4. Reminders • SOL exam May 9th!!! • I will give you a HUGE study packet over break! • We will have a quest (long quiz/short test) on Thursday. It will cover the map and the reading

  5. Objective #57 SAHARA DESERT Timbuktu Niger River Congo River Zambezi River Limpopo River

  6. He who controls trade, controls the world Rule #3

  7. Objective #58 Rulers of the Nile Egypt Kush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome) Aksum • Aksum was a prosperous trading empire • Traded with Europe, Arabia, Egypt, Persia, India

  8. Aksum • Where is it? • Ethiopian highlands • Adopted Christianity • Became the Ethiopians • Stayed Christian until modern times

  9. Aksum • Cool facts • Written language (Ge’ez) • Steles

  10. Great Zimbabwe • Powerful inland trade city in Southern Africa • Near gold • Zambezi and Limpopo rivers

  11. Great Zimbabwe • Mysterious • Giant circular walls that don’t look defensive • City was suddenly abandoned

  12. West Africa • What is the most important geographic feature of West Africa?

  13. Spelling • One time spelling counts: • Desert = lots of sand and hot • Dessert = lots of chocolate and happiness

  14. West Africa

  15. Trade • West Africa has something everybody wants • West Africa needs something they can get from the desert • What’s the best way to get stuff across a desert? GOLD! Salt Camels

  16. Gold-Salt Trade Know this.

  17. Gold-Salt Trade • Gold from West Africa to the world • Salt from the Sahara to West Africa • Ideas and goods from the Mediterranean into Sub-Saharan Africa • Islam expands through trade, not war

  18. West African Empires • All three West African Empires became powerful in the same way • Control the trade! People who lived where the best gold mines were built armies and conquered everyone else

  19. Ghana • First empire in West Africa • Led by a king • Controlled the supply of gold • Collected taxes • Protected traders • Safety • Fairness

  20. Mali • Gold mines shifted east so new people take over • Sundiata (sun-JAT-ah) creates an empire • Title “mansa,” or war chief • Mansa Musa • Hajj (remember the song!) • City of Timbuktu – center of trade

  21. Songhai • Gold mines shifted east so new people take over • Just like Mali • Conquered by Moroccans with guns

  22. Islam in Africa • African religion was based on the belief in nature and ancestor spirits, called animism • Trade spreads Islam throughout West Africa and East African coast • Mali and Songhai

  23. Essay Outline • Compare and contrast Ghana and Mali • Write a thesis statement • Write a “direct comparison” and “analysis” for one similarity and one difference

  24. Direct Comparison • Mesopotamia and Egypt were both located near rivers BECAUSE they both used silt for agriculture • Egyptian kings were more powerful than Mesopotamian kings BECAUSE the Egyptian kings were worshipped as gods

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