The Tudor Dynasty

The Tudor Dynasty 1485 - 1603

War of the Roses • English Civil War to determine who would take the throne • House of York • House of Lancaster • War lasted from 1453 - 1487 • Henry of Lancaster led his house to victory

War of the Roses • Henry Tudor became Henry VII of England • He married the daughter of the dead leader of the house of York, uniting the two houses • The TUDOR Dynasty had begun

TUDOR RULERS • Henry VII • Henry VIII Henry VIII

TUDOR RULERS • Henry VII • Henry VIII Young Henry Baby Henry

WIFE #1 – CATHERINE OF ARAGON • The Beginning: • Henry VIII was given permission from the Pope to marry his brother’s widow

WIFE #1 – CATHERINE OF ARAGON • The Problem: • Catherine failed to produce a male heir – she only had one surviving child – Mary • Henry wanted a divorce, but Pope Clement VII wouldn’t invalidate the marriage • Henry tried to get Church to do what he wanted, and appointed Sir Thomas More as English Cardinal

The Result: DIVORCE • More wouldn’t support the divorce • Henry proceeded to dissolve his ties to the Pope • ENGLISH REFORMATION – Henry VIII took control of the English clergy and had himself appointed the head of the Church of England • He divorced Catherine and married his lover Anne Boleyn

CHURCH OF ENGLAND – ANGLICAN CHURCH

WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN • The Beginning: he began anaffair with Anne Boleyn while still married to his first wife

WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN • The Problem: Only had 1 surviving child – a daughter, Elizabeth • Henry upset at not having a son, accused Anne of incest and adultery

WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN • The Result: BEHEADED • Anne was brought to the Tower of London and EXECUTED

WIFE #2 – ANNE BOLEYN • Legend had it she had a sixth finger and a large mole or goiter on her neck • Anne’s sister Mary had been one of Henry’s earlier mistresses (the movie The Other Boleyn Girl) • Just prior to her execution, Anne’s marriage to Henry was dissolved and considered invalid

WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour • The Beginning: • First came to the court in the service of Queen Catherine; later she waited on Queen Anne Boleyn • Henry felt she was his first“true wife”

WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour • The Problem: • Complications in childbirth

WIFE #3 – Jane Seymour • The Result: DIED • She died 2 weeks after giving birth to Henry’s only legitimate son – Edward • She is the only one of the 6 wives buried with him.

BRIEF RECAP: WHO ARE THE 3 LEGITIMATE CHILDREN OF HENRY VIII? • MARY (mom divorced) • ELIZABETH (mom beheaded) • EDWARD (mom died)

WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES • The Beginning: • Henry was single for 2 years after Jane died • Henry wanted a marriage for political reasons, to form an Alliance between the new English Protestants and German Protestants • He hired a painter to find him a potential ally and paint the women who could make it possible – the painter chose Anne of Cleves, from Germany

WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES • The Problem: • Once Henry VIII saw her in person, he found her extremely unattractive • He went through with the marriage because of political reasons, but he never was attracted to her or loved her

The painting by Hans Holbein the Younger. It was on the basis of this portrait that Henry VIII chose her to be his fourth queen. • Recent x-rays of this painting of Anne of Cleves have revealed a longer nose under the top layer of paint. It was painted by Barthel Bruyn the Elder of Germany.

WIFE #4 – ANNE OF CLEVES • The Result: DIVORCED • He could not stand being married to her, and though it cost him politically, he soon divorced her

WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD • The Beginning: • She was a cousin of Anne Boleyn (wife #2) • Married her only 16 days after his divorce to Anne – he was 49, she was 19

WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD • The Problem: • He was gaining a lot of weight and had an ulcerated leg – it was hard for him to walk and he was becoming morbidly obese • He called her his “rose without a thorn” • She began having multiple affairs within the castle • He accused her of lying about being a virgin when they got married

WIFE #5 – CATHRYN HOWARD • The Result: BEHEADED • She was executed on charges of adultery There has never been a confirmed portrait of Cathryn Howard. However, experts believe this may be her due to the necklace she is wearing. The necklace is positively identified as a Crown Jewel of the Queen, and the portrait was done after Anne of Cleves but before Kathryn Parr.

WIFE #6 – Katherine Parr • Widowed twice before marrying Henry • Became a stabilizing mother figure in home – to Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward • Persuaded Henry to bring the daughters back to the castle and reinstate them as his legitimate children • She outlived Henry, who diedJanuary 28, 1547 • It is said by many that this wasthe only wife he truly loved

To recap…the wives of Henry VIII CATHERINE OF ARAGON ANNE BOLEYN JANE SEYMOUR ANNE OF CLEVES CATHRYN HOWARD KATHERINE PARR

TUDOR RULERS • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Edward VI King Edward VI • Crowned at the age of nine • Regents ruled during his reign • Had a good relationship with his sisters • He died at the age of 15 from fever & cough

TUDOR RULERS • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Edward VI • Mary I • “Bloody Mary” – when she took the throne, she returned Catholicism to England, executing anyone involved in the Protestant Reformation • She imprisoned Elizabeth, her sister, in the Tower of London when Elizabeth was 21 • However, Mary wed Phillip of Spain, and shortly afterwards became pregnant Queen Mary I

TUDOR RULERS • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Edward VI • Mary I • Since she was pregnant with an heir to the throne, she no longer saw Elizabeth as a threat, and released her • Her belly continued to swell, but there was no baby • Mary died from what is now believed to be a large tumor in her stomach Queen Mary I

TUDOR RULERS • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Edward VI • Mary I • Elizabeth I • Queen Elizabeth I took the throne • Considered the best ruler in the history of all of England • Nicknamed the “Virgin Queen” • Restored Protestantism, but ruled with tolerance • Defeat of the Spanish Armada • Huge patron of the arts Elizabeth I

TUDOR RULERS • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Edward VI • Mary I • Elizabeth I • ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ • James Inot Tudor – King of Scotland • Elizabeth died in 1603 at the age of seventy • She had ruled England for 45 years • She had no heir to the throne, so the crown passed to King James of Scotland • He ruled well, continuing her love and patronage of the arts • He also supported religious freedom for the common man • King James Bible

TUDOR RULERS • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Edward VI • Mary I • Elizabeth I • ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ • James Inot Tudor – King of Scotland King James

The Tudor Dynasty