The Present Subjunctive Tense

1. The Present Subjunctive Tense

2. In Spanish . . . • There is more than 1 present tense! • The present indicative tense • Used to tell what is happening now • The present subjunctive tense • Used after expressions of hope or wishes

3. In English . . . • A special verb form is not required after expressions of hope. • I hope that you do the homework. • In Spanish, however, it is different!

4. The Subjunctive • We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

5. The “special verb form” • The present subjunctive will seem very familiar to you . . . • Use the present subjunctive after the phrase OJALÁ QUE to express hope.

6. The Present Subjunctive • Start with the YO form • Drop the -O • Add opposite vowel ending • -AR e, es, e, emos, en • -ER/-IR a, as, a, amos, an • NOTICE! The YO and the ÉL forms are the same! Include the subject in your sentence to clarify!

7. Subjunctive v. Indicative • Indicative sentence • Hablamos español hoy. • We speak Spanish today • Subjunctive sentence • Ojalá que hablemos español hoy. • It’s hoped that we speak Spanish today.

8. The Subjunctive • A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. • For example:

9. The Subjunctive • Quiero que tú respires lentamente. • I want you to breathe slowly.

10. The Subjunctive • Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr. • I suggest that you drink water before running.

11. The Subjunctive • You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as: • esnecesario… • esbueno… • es importante… • followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

12. The Subjunctive • Es necesario que hagas ejercicio. • It’s necessary that you do exercise. • Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien. • It’s important that the young people eat well.

13. The Subjunctive • Verbs that are often followed by que + subjunctive: • Decir • Insistir en • Necesitar • Permitir • Preferir (e > ie) • Prohibir • Querer (e > ie) • Recomendar (e > ie) • Sugerir (e > ie)

14. salte saltes salte saltemos saltéis salten SALTAR – to jump

15. conozca conozcas conozca conozcamos conozcáis conozcan CONOCER – to know

16. diga digas diga digamos digáis digan DECIR – to say/tell

17. caerse decir hacer poner salir tener traer Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

18. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs • Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.

19. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs buscar busco busque pagar pago pague cruzar cruzo cruce

20. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs • Stem-changing verbs that end in –ar or -er require the same change. Example Empezar (ie) Contar (ue) Jugar (ue) empiece cuente juegue empieces cuentes juegues empiece cuente juegue empecemos contemos juguemos empiecen cuenten jueguen

21. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs Stem-changing verbs ending in –ir have two changes. Use the first change for all forms of the present-tense subjunctive except for the nosotros and vosotros from where the second change should be used. Sentir (ie,i)dormir (ue,u)pedir (i,i) sienta duerma pida sientas duermas pidas sienta duerma pida sintamos durmamos pidamos sintáis durmáis pidáis sientan duerman pidan

22. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs • The following verbs are irregular in the present-tense subjunctive. They do not have a present-tense indicative yo form that ends in –o. darestarirsaberser dé esté vaya sepa sea des estés vayas sepas seas dé esté vaya sepa sea demos estemos vayamos sepamos seamos den estén vayan sepan sean