The Present Subjunctive

1. The Present Subjunctive Page 132 – Chapter 3Realidades 3

2. The Subjunctive • Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

3. The Subjunctive • Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

4. The Subjunctive • Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

5. The Subjunctive • We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

6. The Subjunctive • A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. • For example:

7. The Subjunctive • Quiero que tú respires lentamente. • I want you to breathe slowly.

8. The Subjunctive • Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr. • I suggest that you drink water before running.

9. The Subjunctive • El entrenador exige quelos atletas estiren los músculos. • The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

10. The Subjunctive • You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as esnecesario…esbueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

11. The Subjunctive • Es necesario que hagas ejercicio. • It’s necessary that you do exercise. • Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien. • It’s important that the young people eat well.

12. The Subjunctive • Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

13. 2 Clauses Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb Separated by the word “que” Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.” Subjunctive Verb Indicative Verb

14. The Subjunctive • The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

15. The Subjunctive • Verbs that are often followed by que + subjunctive: • Decir • Insistir en • Necesitar • Permitir • Preferir (e > ie) • Prohibir • Querer (e > ie) • Recomendar (e > ie) • Sugerir (e > ie)

16. The Subjunctive • We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.

17. The Subjunctive • We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

18. The Subjunctive • For -ar verbs: • e, es, e, emos, éis, en • For -er/-ir verbs: • a, as, a, amos, áis, an

19. salte saltes salte saltemos saltéis salten SALTAR – to jump

20. conozca conozcas conozca conozcamos conozcáis conozcan CONOCER – to know

21. diga digas diga digamos digáis digan DECIR – to say/tell

22. The Subjunctive • The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

23. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs • As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

24. caerse decir hacer poner salir tener traer Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

25. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs hacer hag-o haga tener teng-o tenga

26. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs • Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.

27. Irregular Subjunctive Verbs buscar busco busque pagar pago pague cruzar cruzo cruce