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The Water-Food-Energy Nexus in t ransboundary b asins - m ore benefits for sharing

The Water-Food-Energy Nexus in t ransboundary b asins - m ore benefits for sharing. Holger Hoff Stockholm Environment Institute Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Nexus Lecture Series, Cologne, 17 October 2013. Nexus : What is it ? Why do we need it ?

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The Water-Food-Energy Nexus in t ransboundary b asins - m ore benefits for sharing

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  1. The Water-Food-Energy Nexus in transboundarybasins - more benefits for sharing Holger Hoff Stockholm Environment Institute Potsdam Institute forClimate Impact Research Nexus Lecture Series, Cologne, 17 October 2013

  2. Nexus: • Whatisit? • Why do weneedit? • Howtoimplementit? • in transboundarybasins • in the Jordan River • in the Blue Nile

  3. Whatisthenexus? integratedorsystemicapproachesacrosssectorsandresources: generatingco-benefits, increasingoverallproductivities, mobilizinguntappedpotentials, e.g. via recycling, cascadinguseofresources, multi-functionalsystems, improvedriverbasinconfigurations etc. • previousexamplesofintegratedapproaches • ecosystemapproach • agro-ecology • integratedwaterresourcesmanagement (IWRM) BUT:mostlydrivenby individual sectors,lessons not learned, notransfer & upscaling

  4. Why do weneed a nexusapproach? a resourceconstrainedandenvironmentally limited world: growingdemandfornaturalresources, biomass (food, feed, fibres, fuel….) andotherecosystemservices degradationofresources / ecosystems+ climatechange riskoftransgressingsustainabilitythresholds, fromlocaltoplanetaryboundaries reconcilingeconomicdevelopmentwithfuturefood/water / energy /environmental security & resilience (diversity)

  5. Howtoimplement a nexusapproach? baselineassessment: resourcelocations, availabilities, demands, andproductivities toolbox - e.g.: WEAP (water), LEAP (energy), AEZ (land) partnerships/ dialogues / platforms levelplayingfield, bridginginstitutions entrypointsformainstreamingnexusprinciples, e.g. revisionsofstrategies/ plans economicincentivesforreducingnegative externalities, e.g. subsidies, paymentsfor environmental services

  6. Anexusapproach in transboundarybasins 45% oflandmass, 40% oftheworld‘spopulationoften lack ofcooperation existingtransboundarycooperationshighlysectoral, e.g. on specificwaterworksorwateruses, zero-sumsolutions nexus: multiple-resource / sectoragreements,morebenefitsforsharing,win-winsolutions e.g. cooperation on • reservoirs & hydropower • agriculturalwatermanagement (waterharvesting, irrigation, ….) • carbonsequestration (CDM, REDD+…)

  7. Anexusapproach in transboundarybasins startingfrom UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of TransboundaryWatercourses and International Lakes - “Water Convention” • a holistic approach: • preventingadversetransboundaryimpacts • managingsharedwatersusingtheecosystemsapproachandrestoringecosystems • equitablewateruse

  8. Anexusapproach in the Jordan River

  9. Anexusapproach in the Jordan River equitablewateruse? Phillipset al. 2006 meaningwhat?

  10. Anexusapproach in the Jordan River an alternative topharaonicprojects,such as RedSea – Dead Seacanal large scaledesalinationnuclear power

  11. Anexusapproach in the Jordan River baselineassessment: waterdistribution, availability, demand, productivity startingfromrainfall (improvedrainfedagriculture) andtopography -> moreenergyefficientirrigationconfiguration (benefitsfromsavingenergy) restoring environmental flows (benefitsfromtourism) Menzel et al. 2011

  12. Anexusapproach in the Jordan River Baseline assessment:waterdistribution, availability, demand, productivity startingfromrainfall(improvedrainfedagriculture) andtopography Dead Sea -> moreenergyefficientirrigationconfiguration (benefitsfromsavingenergy) restoring environmental flows (benefitsfromtourism) solar power anddesalination (benefitsfromtechnologytransfer– also GCC) diversificationofbenefitsgetseasier:decreasingdependence on Jordan River: 2% ofemployment in agriculture (Egypt: 30%) ¾ offoodfromworldmarket (Egypt: ~ 40%) diversifiedwatersources (desalination)

  13. Anexusapproach in the Jordan River nexustoolsforquantifyingtradeoffs & synergies e.g. participatoryWEAP development forassessingsystemiceffectsof different interventions Hoff et al. 2012

  14. Anexusapproach in theNile

  15. Anexusapproach in theNile baselineassessment: waterdistribution, availability, demand, productivity e.g. startingfromrainfall(improvedrainfedagriculture) andfromaridity -> morewater-efficientfoodproduction (benefitsfromreducedirrigationdemand) andfromtopography -> moreenergy-efficientfoodproduction (benefitsfromreducedpumping) FAO 2011

  16. Anexusapproach in theNile equitablewateruse? Phillipset al. 2006 The NileEgypt‘slifeline

  17. A nexusapproach in theNile an alternative topharaonicprojects such astheSuddwetlanddrainage JongleiCanal (1974 – 1984)

  18. A nexusapproach in theNile evaporative losses from > 10 km3 per year Assuan dam -> large potential for optimizing water storage • benefits: • higherwaterproductivity in agriculture & energyproduction • sedimentreduction • floodprotection • improvednavigation • securing environmental flows • Potential forfurtherimprovedresourcemanagementthroughcollaboration (MWRI)

  19. A nexusapproach in theNile sharingbenefitsbeyondwater: energy production Ethiopia (GDP per capita 6 times smaller than Egypt’s) has large hydropower potential power links and power trade: Eastern African Power Pool additional benefitsfrom: - reducedspendingson oilimports - riskspreadingthroughdiversificationofpower sources

  20. A nexusapproach in theNile sharingbenefitsbeyondwater: foodproduction large waterproductivitygradient acrossthebasin (factor 10) Ethiopiaisoneofthemain target countries for foreigndirectinvestments (includingEgyptianinvestments) FDI for improved basin-wideresource use efficiency (includinggreenwater) Karimi et al. 2010

  21. A nexusapproach in theNile “States cooperate when the net benefits of cooperation are perceived to be greater than the net benefits of non-cooperation” Grey et. al. 2009 nexustoolsfor demonstrating benefits quantitatively

  22. A nexusapproach in theNile starting from the Blue Nileabout 2/3rd of total Nile flow to Egypt Lake Tana WEAP model comparing business-as-usual (BAU) and Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP)

  23. Initial WEAP modelfor Lake Tana m.a.s.l. critical lake level: navigation, fishing, wetland conservation

  24. Initial WEAP modelfor Lake Tana andBeles „corridor“ water limited biofueland hydropower scenarios Lachaut 2012

  25. Initial LEAP modelforEthiopia total energydemandforintensifiedagriculture (GTP) de Strasser 2013 policysupportthrough quantitative tradeoffanalysis

  26. CLEWs framework:

  27. Anexusapproach in theNile Howtoinstitutionalize a nexusapproach? Institutional (social) networkanalysisfortheupper Blue Nile: Stein et al. 2013

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