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Alcohol Chemistry

Alcohol Chemistry. Uses: Alcoholic drinks (ethanol) Solvents Fuels. Introduction. Are a family of organic compounds containing the –OH (hydroxyl) functional group. Draw the FSF and write molecular formulae for: Methanol 2-methylpropan-1-ol 2-methylbutan-2-ol. 3 - ethyl.

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Alcohol Chemistry

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  1. Alcohol Chemistry Uses: Alcoholic drinks (ethanol) Solvents Fuels

  2. Introduction • Are a family of organic compounds containing the –OH (hydroxyl) functional group • Draw the FSF and write molecular formulae for: • Methanol • 2-methylpropan-1-ol • 2-methylbutan-2-ol

  3. 3 - ethyl , 4 - methyl heptan - -ol 4 Naming practice

  4. ALKanols: Subset based on alkanes A homologous series • A family of compounds with the same general formula, similar chemical properties and a graduation in physical properties ALCOHOL: Any compound containing the -OH group

  5. Alcohol • The chemical name for alcohol is ETHANOL: • Ethanol is NOT a carbohydrate. • Alcoholic drinks are made by fermenting sugar (glucose):

  6. Glucose Alcohol + Carbon dioxide Fermentation • Alcohol is made from sugar • The process is called FERMENTATION: • An ENZYME is needed to make this reaction happen - Zymase • YEAST (a living organism) contains the enzyme which is needed

  7. Enzyme zymase in yeast C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2 glucose ethanol Enzymes released during germination Enzyme maltase in yeast C12H22O11 maltose FERMENTATION Making Ethanol (C6H10O5)n starch

  8. Practical • Burning £5 note

  9. Practical demo • Alcohol Rocket Collect a copy of “That’s the Limit” booklet

  10. That’s the Limit 1 • How much beer contains the equivalent alcohol to oneglass of wine? • How much beer contains the equivalent alcohol to a single whiskey? • Pint for pint, which contains more alcohol, beer or cider? • What are the recommended weekly units of drink for men and women? • Which organ is chiefly responsible for removing alcohol from the body? • List 3 factors which affect how you are affected by alcohol.

  11. That’s the Limit 2 • How long would it take your body to remove the alcohol consumed by 4 pints of beer? • What is the legal driving limit in terms of units of alcohol? • If you started drinking at 8pm, and consumed on average 2 pints every hour until 12pm, how long would it take you to be below the legal limit for driving? • Explain what causes a hang-over. • State 3 long-term effects of excessive alcohol consumption.

  12. Alcoholic Drinks • At alcohol concentrations above 15 %, the yeast are poisoned and the enzymes do not work. • Fermentation therefore stops.

  13. Distillation • To produce drinks with a high alcohol concentration, DISTILLATION must be carried out.

  14. H3PO4 catalyst 300oC & 70 atmospheres Ethene + waterEthanol C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH + Alternative method? • Fermentation is too expensive to produce ethanol on an industrial scale • Catalytic hydration of ethene is method used

  15. The reverse process This is called DEHYDRATION

  16. + water Ethanol Ethene NAME? + NAME? Chemistry of dehydration

  17. Practice • Draw the FSF for the product(s) of hydration of the following alkenes: 3-methylpent-1-ene 2-methylbut-1-ene 2-methylbut-2-ene • Which of the following compounds will produce isomers on dehydration? Hexan-3-ol Heptan-3-ol 2-methylbutan-1-ol

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