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Comprehensive Burn Emergency Management Guide

Learn to define and manage different types of burn injuries, including heat, chemical, electrical, and radiation burns. Discover ways to prevent burns and how to care for burn victims effectively.

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Comprehensive Burn Emergency Management Guide

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  1. Lesson 10:Burns Emergency Reference Guide p. 43-46

  2. Objectives • Define types of burn injuries • Define & demonstrate proper management of superficial, partial thickness & full thickness burns • Describe situations that require evacuation • Identify ways to prevent burns

  3. Types of Burns • Heat: • Fires • Boiling water • Steam • Hot pot • Melting substances, such as plastic • Others?

  4. Burns

  5. Burns

  6. Burns

  7. Types of Burns (cont’d.) • Chemical: • Pesticides • Chemical fuels • Battery acid • Others?

  8. Chemical Burn

  9. Types of Burns (cont’d.) • Electrical: • Electrical current • Lightning • Radiation: • Sun • Nuclear

  10. Electrical Burns

  11. Frostbite (burn from cold)

  12. Preventing Burns • What steps can be taken to Prevent burns • Heat? • Cook in designated areas & limit access • Position stove so there is easy escape route • Never use open flame in tent • Use caution around campfire

  13. Preventing Burns (cont’d.) • Chemical: • Follow label directions for safe use • Electrical: • Take precautions to avoid lightning • Radiation: • Use sunscreen • Wear UV blocking clothing • Extra precautions needed for high altitude & near water/snow

  14. Depth of Burns

  15. Degree of Burn (1st, 2nd, 3rd)

  16. Checking & Caring for Burns • STOP the Burning! • Remove source of the burning • Cool affected area • Be suspicious of airway complications when: • Burns are to face/neck • Soot is in the mouth/nose • Singed facial hair • Dry cough that accompanies a burn

  17. Stop the Burn • How do you stop the Burning? • Heat: • Remove from heat source • Smother flames • Flush with large amounts of water • Electrical: • Turn off electricity • Flush with large amounts of water

  18. Stop the Burn (cont’d.) • Chemical: • Remove Chemical (brush off, if dry chemical) • Flush with large amounts of water • Radiation: • Get out of direct Sun • Flush with water

  19. Checking Burns • Specific care depends upon the source & depth of the burn • Signs and Symptoms: • Superficial • Skin is red & painful • Possible swelling • Partial Thickness • Skin is red, painful, swollen • Blisters may take an hour to form

  20. Checking Burns (cont’d.) • Full thickness: • Skin is painless (in area of full thickness burn) • Skin is pale and stiff, if caused by scolding • Skin is charred, if caused by fire

  21. Burn Percentage • “Rule of Palmar Surface” or “Rule of 9’s” for estimating coverage of burn • Palm of individuals hand = 1% of body surface • Rule of Nines: • Torso front = 18% • Torso back = 18% • Each arm = 9% • Each leg = 18% • Head = 9%

  22. Rule of Nine’s

  23. Caring for Burns • In case of major electrical burn (i.e. lightning) care for cardiac or respiratory problems first • After assessment & removal of burn source: • Expose burn fully (do not remove melted clothing) • Cool or flood with cold water for at least 20 min. • Gently wash burn to remove any dirt • Leave blisters intact • Remove jewelry, if possible • Dress minor burn with thin layer of antibiotic • If not available, leave burn alone

  24. Caring for Burns (cont’d.) • Cover burn with gauze pad or thin roll of gauze • Do not pack burns with ice • Elevate burned extremities to minimize swelling. Swelling slows healing • Encourage patient to gently move burned area • Treat for shock & hypothermia

  25. Caring for Burns (cont’d.) • Manage airway • Re-dress burn twice daily: • Remove by soaking dressing with water, if needed • Re-wash wound to remove old ointment • Apply clean covering • Redressing/examination will likely be painful. If evacuation is imminent, leave burn alone

  26. Guidelines for Evacuation • GO FAST: • Trouble breathing • Partial/full thickness covers 10% or more • Partial/full thickness wraps around a body part • Serious burns to head/face/neck/hands/feet/genitals • Full thickness on > 5% of body • Chemical burns • Partial/full thickness for child/elderly patient • Level of pain good indicator of necessity of evacuation

  27. Scenario • A 16 yr old is sitting at a table with boiling water. Pot spills into her lap. She is screaming in pain. You see a scalding burn that is white & skin is sloughing off. Burns are covering the top of both thighs & her right arm from elbow to wrist. • What do you do?

  28. Questions???What else could you add to your First Aid Kit?

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