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HUMAN ANATOMY Lecture 2 Anatomical Directions and Gross Anatomical Structures

HUMAN ANATOMY Lecture 2 Anatomical Directions and Gross Anatomical Structures. Southern Boone County Schools Bill Palmer. Human Anatomy.

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HUMAN ANATOMY Lecture 2 Anatomical Directions and Gross Anatomical Structures

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  1. HUMAN ANATOMYLecture 2Anatomical Directions and Gross Anatomical Structures Southern Boone County Schools Bill Palmer

  2. Human Anatomy • There are several basic terms you need to know to get started in anatomy. These terms are used to describe how anatomical structures are positioned in relationship to each other. • Hint: They generally occur in pairs and if you learn one then it is easier to learn the other.

  3. Human Anatomy-Position • Standard Anatomical Position • Stand erect • Feet slightly apart • Head and toes pointed forward • Arms at sides • Palms facing forward • Q: Is this comfortable?

  4. Human Anatomy-Position

  5. Human Anatomy-Directions • Right/Left-The subject’s Right and left • Anterior/Posterior-Front/Back • Medial/Lateral-Toward the middle/away from the middle • Cephalad (cranial)/Caudal-Toward the head/toward the butt • Dorsal/Ventral-Toward the back/toward the belly • Superior/Inferior-Above/below

  6. Human Anatomy-Directions • Deep-moving toward the middle of the specimen • Superficial-moving away from the middle of the specimen • Radial-Toward the thumbs • Ulnar-Toward the little finger • Palmar-toward the palm side

  7. Human Anatomy-Body Planes • A Plane is how a specimen is sliced. 3 main types • Transverse Plane-a plane dividing a standing person into an upper and lower parts (belt) • Frontal Plane (coronal)-a plane that divides a standing person into dorsal and ventral parts • Sagittal Plane-a plane that divides a standing person into right and left parts • Midsaggital Plane-a plane that divides a standing person into EQUAL right and left parts

  8. Human Anatomy-Body Planes

  9. Antebrachial-Forearm Antecubital-Anterior of elbow Axillary-Armpit Brachial-Arm Buccal-Mouth Carpal-Wrist Cervical-neck Coxal-Hip Crural-Leg Digital-Fingers, Toes Femoral-Thigh Frontal-Forehead Hallux-Great (Big) Toe Inguinal-Groin Human Anatomy-Landmarks

  10. Mammary-Breast Mental-Chin Nasal-Nose Oral-Mouth Orbital-Eye Socket Palmar-Palm of hand Patellar-Anterior knee Pedal-foot Pelvic-Pelvis Fibular-Side of leg Pollex-Thumb Pubic-Genital Region Sternal-Breastbone Tarsal-Ankle Thoracic-Chest Umbillical-Navel Human Anatomy-Landmarks

  11. Acrominial-Point of Shoulder Brachial-Arm Calcaneal-Heel of foot Cephalic-Head Dorsum-Back Femoral-Thigh Gluteal-Buttocks Lumbar-Small of back Manus-Hand Occipital-posterior of skull Olecranal-posterior of elbow Otic-Ear Perineal-area between anus and genitals Human Anatomy-Landmarks

  12. Plantar-Sole of foot Popliteal-Back of knee Sacral-Between the hips Scapular-shoulder blade Sural-posterior of calf of leg Vertebral-near the spinal column Human Anatomy-Landmarks

  13. Human AnatomyAbdominopelvic Regions • Umbilical Region-Centermost • Epigastric Region-Above center • Hypogastric Region-Below Center • Iliac Region-Lower Right and Left • Lumbar Region-Center Right and Left • Hypochondriac Region-Upper Right and Left

  14. Human AnatomyAbdominopelvic Regions

  15. Human AnatomyBody Cavities • Dorsal Body Cavity-Brain and Spine • Cranial Cavity-Brain • Spinal Cavity-Spine • Ventral Body Cavity-Chest and Abdomen • Thoracic Cavity-Chest • Abdominopelvic Cavity-Gut • Abdominal Cavity-Stomach Intestines • Pelvic Cavity-Reproductive organs, Bladder, rectum

  16. Human AnatomyBody Cavities • Oral Cavity-Mouth • Nasal Cavity-Nose • Orbital Cavity-Eye • Middle Ear Cavity-Internal Ear • Synovial Cavity-Joints

  17. Human AnatomyBody Cavities

  18. Human AnatomyWrap Ups • The wrist is _____ to the hand. • The brain is _____ to the spinal cord. • The thumb is ______ to the ring finger. • The skin is _____ to the skeleton. • Name two organs found in the left hypochondriac region.

  19. Human AnatomyWrap Ups • A patient presents with severe pain in the right iliac region. What might it be? • What organ of the pelvic cavity is sectioned equally by the midsagittal section? • What cavity contains the brain? • The knee joint is what type of body cavity? • What is the most uncomfortable part of the standard anatomical position?

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