Ovid, New Testament and Augustine

1. Ovid, New Testament and Augustine Week 17

3. Outline • 1, Latin • 2.Ovid • 2. New Testament • 3. Augustine

4. Aphrodite --Venus Ares -- Mars Artemis -- Diana Asclepius -- Veiovis, Aesculapius Athena -- Minerva Demeter -- Ceres Dionysus -- Bacchus Erinyes -- Furies Eris -- Discordia Eros -- Cupid (Amor) Hades -- Dis Pater, Pluto, Orcus Helios -- Sol Hephaestus -- Vulcan Hera -- Juno Greek --Latin

5. Heracles -- Hercules Hermes -- Mercury Hygieia -- Salus Moirae (Fates) -- Parcae Nike -- Victoria Odysseus -- Ulysses Pan -- Faunus Persephone -- Proserpina Phosporus -- Lucifer Poseidon -- Neptune Satyr -- Faun Tyche -- Fortuna Zephyrus -- Favonius Zeus -- Jupiter Greek--Latin

6. 古羅馬競技場 [DVD] = Colosseum 740.22 8453:2 93 本節目運用戲劇形式、重演刺激的動作、電腦模擬出古代羅馬、成千上萬的群眾,使觀眾體驗到何謂「神鬼戰士」。描寫他們在打鬥中的內心感受,所面對的是聚集在古羅馬競技場中五萬五千名嗜血羅馬人的吶喊。本節目的重心描寫一個歷史上真實的神鬼戰士─維拉司。他在公元76年的巴爾幹戰役中被俘,現在採石場當奴隸工作,然後接受武藝訓練成為羅馬帝國最傑出的鬥士,最終面對最高的決鬥挑戰。

7. OVID 43 B.C. - A.D. 17

8. Julius Caesar’s assassination (44 BCE) Born in the year after Julius Caesar’s assassination, Ovid did not know the time of civil war, when no one’s property, or life, was safe. He was twenty-four when Virgil died, and he turned to different themes: the sophisticated and somewhat racy life of the urban elite in Rome, love in its manifold social and psychological guises, Greco-Roman myth and local Italian legend.

9. The Death of Julius Caesar

10. a versifier of genius Like Catullus and Virgil, he was profoundly influenced by the learned and polished works of the Greek Alexandrian period, but like his predecessors he translated their example into his personal idiom and used it for his own purposes. He was a versifier of genius.

11. Elegance, wit, and precision Elegance, wit, and precision remained the hallmarks of Ovid’s poetry throughout his long and productive career, and his way of telling stories was extraordinary for its subtlety and its depth of psychological understanding.

12. Influence His influence on the poets and artists of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and beyond was massive, second only, if at all, to Virgil’s. The early years of Ovid’s manhood were marked by rapid literary and social success in the brilliant society of a capital intent on enjoying the peace and prosperity inaugurated by Augustus.

13. Amores The Amores, or “Love Affairs,” unabashed chronicles of a Roman Don Juan, was his first publication. It was soon followed by the Art of Love, a handbook of seduction (originally circulated as books 1 and 2, for men; book 3, for women, was added by popular request).

14. Remedies of Love Not content with teaching his readers how to start a love affair, Ovid then advised them how to end it, in the Remedies of Love. At some point he wrote a poem on women’s cosmetics…

15. Sorrows and the Letters from Pontus In A.D. 8 Ovid was banished by imperial decree to the town of Tomi, in what is now Romania. It was on the fringe of the empire, and to a devotee of Roman high life it was a grim place indeed. He remained there until his death, sending back to Rome poetic epistles…

16. his banishment The reason for his banishment is not known. Involvement in some scandal concerning Augustus’s daughter Julia is a possibility, but the ultimate cause was probably the love poetry, which ran afoul of Augustus’s political and social program.

17. Metamorphoses Augustus was trying hard, by propaganda and legislation, to revive old Roman standards of morality and cannot have found Ovid’s Art of Love, with its suggestion that Rome was a prime location for seduction, amusing. He correctly read the poem as political critique, a mode of resistance to the authoritarian imposition of moral reform. Ovid’s greatest work, the Metamorphoses, suggests a similar critique. It was still unfinished at the time of his exile.

18. Augustus Tiberius aureus

19. THE METAMORPHOSES

20. 奧維德變形記 作者：奧維德 原文作者：Publius Ovidius Naso 譯者：呂健忠 出版社：書林出版有限公司 出版日期：2008年09月01日 語言：繁體中文ISBN：9789574452477 裝訂：平裝

21. Virgil: Official epic of the new order Virgil had written what Augustus wanted to be the “official” epic of the new order, which was to be seen as the fulfillment of a history that began with Aeneas’s journey from Troy to Italy. The Aeneid, for all its innovations, was an epic in the traditional style: it focused on the deeds of a single hero, and it exemplified and transmitted its culture’s dominant values.

22. Andromeden Perseus liberat: p.57Perseus rescues Andromeda from the sea monster

23. Metamorphoses anti-Aeneid The Metamorphoses is recognizably epic; it is the only poem Ovid wrote in the epic meter, dactylic [揚抑抑格之詩 ] hexameter [六步格 ]. But it can be seen as a critical response to Virgil, even an. Ovid produced a series of stories using the Alexandrian form of the epyllion, or “miniature epic,” and he strung these together into a long narrative of fifteenbooks.

24. Mockery and irony The transitions between them, and the connections drawn by the narrator, are often transparently contrived—perhaps in mockery of the idea of narrative unity. There is no single hero, and one would have to seek hard for representative national values presented without irony.

25. Creation and transformation There is, however, a common element to these stories: all in one way or another involve changes of shape. And despite its leisurely and roundabout course, the narrative has a discernible direction—as Ovid says in his introduction, “from the world’s beginning to our day.” Starting with the creation of the world, the transformation of matter into living bodies (the first great metamorphosis), Ovid regales his readers with tales of human beings changed into animals, flowers, and trees.

26. Greek  Roman myths He proceeds through Greek myth to stories of early Rome and so to his own time, including, as the final metamorphoses, the ascension of the murdered Julius Caesar to the heavens in the form of a star and the divine promise that Augustus too, far in the future, will become a god.

27. Actaeon in cervum: p.40Actaeon transformed by Diana into a stag (雄鹿)

28. Chaos: p.1God resolves chaos and creates the earth

29. Ovid's Metamorphoses Book I: Apollo and Daphne Apollo pursued Daphne, who wanted nothing to do with the god. She begged her father to help, which he did, by turning her into a laurel tree. Note her fingers.

30. Ovid's Metamorphoses Book IIStory of Europa and JupiterNöel-Nicolas Coypel (November 17, 1690 - December 14, 1734)

31. Europa became queen of Crete. The Phoenician King Agenor's daughter Europa (whose name was given to the continent of Europe) was playing when she saw the enticing milk-white bull that was Jupiter in disguise. First she played with him, decorating him with garlands. Then she climbed on his back and he set off, carrying her across the sea to Crete where he revealed his true form. Europa became queen of Crete.

32. Ovid's Metamorphoses Book IIIStory of Narcissus

33. New TestamentCatholic and Christian cultures

34. New Testament • The New Testament is the name given to the second major division of the Christian Bible, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament. • New Covenant

35. The World in the New Testament, Around A.D. 50

36. Gospels/Acts of the Apostles/ Pauline epistles • Matthew. • Mark. • Luke. • John • http://bible.fhl.net/

37. Hebrew/ Revelation • Though the Epistle to the Hebrews does not internally claim to have been written by the Apostle Paul, in antiquity, certain circles began to ascribe it to Paul in an attempt to provide the anonymous work an explicit apostolic pedigree.

38. Saint Paul Writing His Epistles, 16th century painting.

39. Luke

40. Matthew 5: 15 • 人點燈，不放在斗底下，是放在燈臺上，就照亮一家的人。 • Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a bowl. Instead they put it on its stand, and it gives light to everyone in the house.

41. Mark 9: 50 • 鹽本是好的，若失了味，可用甚麼叫它再鹹呢？你們裡頭應當有鹽，彼此和睦。 • Salt is good, but if it loses its saltiness, how can you make it salty again? Have salt among yourselves, and be at peace with each other.”

42. Luke 15: 8 • 或是一個婦人有十塊錢，若失落一塊，豈不點上燈，打掃屋子，細細的找，直到找著嗎？ • Or suppose a woman has ten silver coins and loses one. Doesn’t she light a lamp, sweep the house and search carefully until she finds it?

43. John 1: 1 • 太初有道，道與　神同在，道就是　神。 • In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

44. Saint Augustine of Hippo • One of the decisive developments in the western philosophical tradition was the eventually widespread merging of the Greek philosophical tradition and the Judeo-Christian religious and scriptural traditions. • Augustine is one of the main figures through and by whom this merging was accomplished.

45. Augustine’s Confessions • First autobiography • Spiritual biography

46. Book One • The first book of the Confessions is devoted primarily to an analysis of Augustine's life as a child, from his infancy (which he cannot recall and must reconstruct) up through his days as a schoolboy in Thagaste (in Eastern Algeria). Wasting no time in getting to the philosophical content of his autobiography, Augustine's account of his early years leads him to reflect on human origin, will and desire, language, and memory.

47. the goodness of God and the sinfulness of human beings • The Confessions  opens with Augustine's prayer extolling the goodness of God and the sinfulness of human beings.  Augustine is convinced that the person who is separated from God through his own sinfulness can never be fully happy.