Animal Disease Emergencies Local Response Preparedness and Planning

1. Animal Disease EmergenciesLocal ResponsePreparedness and Planning Animal Industry

2. Note to Presenter • The following presentation provides an overview of animal disease emergency preparedness, prevention, response and recovery measures. • Supplemental PowerPoints on each topic are available for inclusion into this presentation or for stand alone presentations, depending on time allotted and interest of the audience. Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

3. Overview • What are animal disease emergencies • Who may be involved • What to expect • Importance of preparingat the local level • How you can prepare Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

4. Preparing and Responding to an Animal Disease Emergency Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

5. Animal Disease Emergencies • Affect large numbers of livestock • Most highly contagious/easily spread • Animal health impact • Economic consequences • Human health impact • Often called foreign animal diseases (FAD) or high consequence pathogens Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

6. Means of Introduction • Intentional or accidental introduction of foreign disease agents • Emerging or re-emerging diseases Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

7. Importance of Agriculture

8. Value of Agricultural Products Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

9. Iowa Agriculture, 2006 Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

10. Food Production Changes • Number of farms decreasing • Animal numbers rising on some farms • Opportunities • Increasing intensity/specialization • Efficient food source: U.S. and world • Challenges • Disease control and eradication • Devastating economic effects Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

11. Impact of Animal Disease • Animal Health • Death, illness, loss of production • Economics • Loss or disruption of trade • Loss of consumer confidence • Movement restrictions • Human Health • Zoonoses • Mental health Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

12. Vulnerabilities • High density husbandry • Mixing at auction marketsor transport by vehicles • Over 5 million cattle each year • Poor traceability of animals • No immunity to foreign animal diseases • Centralized feed supply and distribution Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

13. Vulnerabilities • Diseases widespreadin other countries • Expanded internationaltrade and travel • Border penetration: • People, wild birds, mammals • Inadequate on-farm biosecurityand FAD awareness Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

14. Prepare State and Federal Agencies

15. Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS) • State Veterinarian: Dr. David Schmitt • Animal health and control issues • Animal movement and tracking • State District Veterinarians (6) • Foreign Animal Disease Diagnosticians (FADD) • Specially trained veterinarian • The Center for Agricultural Security • Iowa Veterinary Rapid ResponseTeam (IVRRT) • 330 trained veterinarians and animal health professionals Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

16. Osceola Lyon Dickinson Emmet Kossuth Winnebago Worth Mitchell Howard Winneshiek Allamakee Sioux O'Brien Clay Palo Alto Hancock Cerro Gordo Floyd Chickasaw Fayette Clayton Butler Pocahontas Buena Vista Franklin Bremer Wright Plymouth Cherokee Humboldt Webster Buchanan Dubuque Delaware Black Hawk Woodbury Ida Sac Calhoun Hamilton Grundy Hardin Tama Benton Linn Jones Jackson Monona Crawford Carroll Greene Boone Marshall Story Clinton Cedar Shelby Harrison Audubon Guthrie Dallas Poweshiek Iowa Jasper Polk Johnson Scott Muscatine Pottawattamie Cass Madison Adair Warren Marion Mahaska Keokuk Washington Louisa Mills Montgomery Lucas Monroe Wapello Henry Adams Union Clarke Jefferson Des Moines Ringgold Wayne Appanoose Fremont Page Taylor Decatur Davis Van Buren Lee STATE VETERINARIAN DISTRICTS Dr. David Schmitt, State Veterinarian Work: 515-281-8601 Cell: 515-669-3527 Dr. Pamela Smith Dr. Tim Smith Dr. James Johnson Dr. Gary E. Eiben Dr. R.E. Welander Dr. John Schiltz February 2008 Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

17. Iowa Premises Identification Program • Voluntary Participant in National Animal Identification System (NAIS) • Premise - any geographically unique location in which agricultural animals are raised, held or boarded • Complete application • www.agriculture.state.ia.us/premiseID.htm • Premise Identification Number (PIN) • Allied agricultural and non-producer participants can also be assigned PINs Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

18. Additional State Agencies Involved • Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division (HSEMD) • Resource management • Department of Natural Resources (DNR) • Animal disposal issues • Livestock burial maps • Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) • Human health issues • State Public Health Veterinarian • Dr. Ann Garvey Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

19. Additional Supporting Agencies • Iowa Department of Public Safety • Iowa Department of Transportation • Iowa National Guard • Iowa State University Extension • Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

20. Iowa Emergency Response Plan • The State plan outlines who is responsible for what and when • Each state agency is assigned responsibilities • Each agency determines how to meet their responsibilities • Iowa Comprehensive Plan • Iowa Emergency Response Plan • Annex W: Infectious Animal Disease • Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan • Iowa Disaster Recovery Plan • Iowa Critical Asset Protection Plan Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

21. Federal Agencies • U.S. Department of Agriculture • Animal and Plant HealthInspection Service (APHIS) • Veterinary Services (VS) • Emergency Management and Diagnostics • National Center for Animal Health Emergency Management • National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories • The National Animal Health Laboratory Network Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

22. USDA Personnel in Iowa • Area Veterinarian In Charge (AVIC) • Dr. Kevin Petersburg • 9-Federal Veterinary Medical Officers • All are Foreign Animal Disease Diagnosticians • Area Emergency Coordinator • Dr. Stephen Goff • Iowa, Nebraska Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

23. USDA Federal Veterinary Medical Officers (VMO) Dr. Kevin Petersburg, Area Veterinarian In Charge (AVIC) Work: 515-284-4140 Dr. Pamela Smith Dr. Tim Smith Dr. Gary E. Eiben Osceola Lyon Dickinson Emmet Kossuth Winnebago Worth Mitchell Howard Winneshiek Allamakee Sioux O'Brien Clay Palo Alto Hancock Cerro Gordo Floyd Chickasaw Dr. Neil Rippke Fayette Clayton Butler Pocahontas Buena Vista Franklin Bremer Wright Plymouth Cherokee Humboldt Webster Buchanan Dubuque Delaware Black Hawk Woodbury Ida Sac Calhoun Hamilton Grundy Hardin Dr. Sharon Fairchild Tama Benton Linn Jones Jackson Dr. John Schiltz Monona Crawford Carroll Greene Boone Marshall Story Clinton Cedar Shelby Harrison Jasper Audubon Guthrie Poweshiek Iowa Dallas Polk Johnson Scott Muscatine Pottawattamie Cass Madison Adair Warren Marion Mahaska Keokuk Washington Louisa Mills Montgomery Lucas Monroe Wapello Henry Adams Union Clarke Jefferson Dr. R.E. Welander Des Moines Dr. James Johnson Ringgold Wayne Appanoose Fremont Page Taylor Decatur Davis Van Buren Lee Dr. Don Otto February. 2008 Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

24. National Animal Identification System (NAIS) • Voluntary • Created to identify and trace livestock • State-to-state consistency • Goal: 48 hour trace of animals in disease outbreak • Maintain contact information that can be accessed in case of an animal health emergency to speed notification • Premises ID, animal ID, animal movement Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

25. U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) • Customs and Border Protection • 317 ports of entry into US • Imported animal and plant material • Over 40,000 employees3,000 agriculture specialists • 1 million conveyances • 83 million passengers • 3.6 million cargo inspections • Beagle Brigade • 75,000 interceptions annually Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

26. Veterinary Response Teams • National Veterinary Response Teams (NVRT) • Veterinary Medical Assistance Teams (VMAT) • National Animal Health Emergency Response Corps (NAHERC) Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

27. National Veterinary Stockpile • HSPD-9 (Jan 30, 2004) • National repository of critical veterinary supplies • Vaccine, antiviral, drugs • PPE kits • Deploy within 24 hours • Support response efforts for 40 days Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

28. National Response Framework • Incidents handled at the lowest jurisdictional level possible • Emphasis on local response • Identify personnel responsible for incident management at local level • Police, fire, public health, medical or emergency management • Veterinary, animal health professionals • Private sector is key partner Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

29. Prevent Managing Disease Risk

30. Biological Risk Management (BRM) • Overall process of awareness education, evaluation, and management • Designed to improve disease control • Foreign and domestic diseases • Provide tools to minimize risk Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

31. Biological Risk Management (BRM) • Disease risk cannot be totally eliminated • Animal, its environment • Decrease exposure to disease agents • Minimize threat to animals and humans • No one-size-fits-all answer Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

32. Diseases of High ConsequenceInternational, U.S. and Iowa Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

33. Early Warning System Disease reported within 24 hours Informs countriesat risk Trade shut downuntil further notice World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

34. Routes of Transmission • Apply to all infectious agents • Animal must be exposed to develop disease • Understand different routes of transmission = Gain control • Risk areas must be identified • Design protocols to minimize exposure Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

35. Routes of Transmission • Spread of disease agents • Animal animal • Animal human “zoonotic” • Different modes of transmission • Aerosol • Direct contact • Fomite • Oral • Vector-borne • Zoonotic Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

36. General Disease Prevention Practices

37. Daily Practices • Post signs limiting animal access to unauthorized visitors • Restrict access to farm • Appointments • Known personnel • Visitor log • Limit contact with animals • Neighbor’s livestock • Wildlife, birds • Roaming cats, dogs Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

38. Daily Practices • Limit animal purchases • Quarantine newly introduced animals • New purchases, returning animals • Isolate ill animals immediately • No shared ventilation, direct contact with other animals • Time determined with veterinarian • Test for key diseases before placing with rest of herd/flock Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

39. Daily Practices • Keep health records on every animal • Train farm personnel to report sick animals • Inspect animals daily • Clean equipment, boots, clothing • Investigate unusual signs, unresponsive cases • Neurologic, downers, sudden death Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

40. Prevention Based on Disease Spread

41. Disease Transmission • Animals may not exhibit obvious clinical signsof disease • Essential • Disease prevention • Awareness of how disease is transmitted • Develop strategy to minimize disease risk for livestock operation Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

42. Aerosol • Basic prevention steps involve: • Increasing distance between sick and well animals • Maximizing ventilation • Provide fresh air to all animals • Decrease humidity and odor build up Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

43. Prevention: Aerosol • Distance is important • Do not share air space between sick and healthy animals Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

44. Direct Contact, Fomite • Basic prevention steps involve: • Restricting access to farm, animals • Isolating sick animals • Keeping environment clean, dry • Keeping equipment clean Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

45. Prevent: Direct Contact, Fomites • Minimize vehicle traffic on farm • Load/unload, rendering at perimeter • Have separate vehicles for “on-farm”and “off-farm” use • Do not share equipment with other farms • Tractors, livestock trailers • Do not allow feed, fuel truck drivers to cross animal paths Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

46. Prevent: Direct Contact, Fomites • Require prior authorization before entering premises • Sign in and disclose recent animal contact • No animal contact for people traveling to foreign countries previous 7-10 days • Require clean clothes, clean footwear • Provide if necessary Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

47. Oral, Fomite • Basic prevention steps involve: • Isolating sick animals • Keeping feed and water clean • Managing manure • Keeping equipment clean • Feeding, treatment, vehicles Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

48. Prevent: Oral, Fomites • Elevate feed, prevent steppinginto feed bunks with contaminated boots • Examine feed for contaminants, quality • Manure, mold, carcasses • Monitor feed tags, deliveries • Test, control access to water sources • Fencing to prevent animal entry and contamination Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

49. Vector Control • Basic prevention steps include: • Source reduction • Prevent egg laying • Control adults • Insecticides • Minimize animal interaction • Screens on buildings • Animal treatment • Mowing long grasses Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008

50. Environmental Contamination • Disease organism in environment • Survive in soil, organic material • Animals and humans can acquire agent(s) through: • Inhalation (aerosol) • Direct contact • Fomites • Oral consumption • Vectors Animal Disease Emergency Local Preparedness and Response, 2008