1 / 25

Africa and Middle East 1000-1500

Africa and Middle East 1000-1500. Impact of Geography. Different and vast terrain has created a huge variety of races, ethnicities and cultures. A. African Societies by 1500. presentation divided into three parts: Economic development Social development Political development.

marshall-garrett
Download Presentation

Africa and Middle East 1000-1500

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Africa and Middle East1000-1500

  2. Impact of Geography • Different and vast terrain has created a huge variety of races, ethnicities and cultures.

  3. A. African Societies by 1500 • presentation divided into three parts: • Economic development • Social development • Political development

  4. 1. Economic Development • Pastoral economies became complex • Pastoral societies included Fulani, Maasai, Somali • Some of these are nomadic or migrant, others settle and build villages or cities A Fulani village in Northern Ghana, 2004 Cattle crossing the road, Northern Ghana, 2004

  5. Economic Development (contd.) • Agricultural economies expanded • Farmers supplied the food needed by the population • Surplus food was brought to the market for exchange A market scene in West Africa

  6. Economic Development (contd.) • Manufacturing • Africa’s main manufactures • Hides and skins • Metallurgy (iron) • Textile manufacturing and dyeing Kente cloth from Ghana

  7. 2. Social Development • Each African society had a religious system • We call that religion African Traditional Religion (ATR)

  8. ATR Beliefs • belief in a Supreme God • belief in several divinities or lesser gods, tied to nature • belief in ancestors • belief in life after death • belief in reincarnation

  9. ATR Beliefs (contd.) • belief in the spoken word • incantations, sacred songs, etc. • belief in prayers • belief in sacrifice • role of priests, holy men, seers, spirit mediums

  10. Other Religions in Africa • Islam in Northern and Sudanese Africa (from Ottoman Expansion) • Christianity (from European imperialism) in Northern and Northeastern Africa • Judaism (from ancient migration) in Northeastern Africa Mosque in Kaduna, Nigeria

  11. African music • music for all occasion • work, naming, marriage, funeral, etc. • dance, drama

  12. African Art and Craft • African art inspired by religion, kingship, and personal beautification • made for upper class and royalty • accessible to all Benin ivory mask

  13. African Art (contd.) • specialized forms: • sculpture in wood, bronze, brass and stone • painting of homes • body adornments • charms, amulets Ife Bronze figure of a king

  14. 3. Political Development • Main trends were: • rise of empires • Ghana, Mali, Songhai • Kanem, Bornu, Hausa states • Ife, Oyo, Benin, Dahomey, Asante, Kongo • division of power • rise of nation states

  15. Ghana Empire • established by the Soninke people • its capital was Kumbi Saleh, a market town • it engaged in the caravan trade in gold, kolanuts, salt, captives • it was attacked by the Almoravids in 1076 • the defeat weakened the empire and it later fell photo shows kolanuts on sale in Djenne, Mali, 2004

  16. Mali Empire • established by Mandingo people • founded by Sundiata • original capital was Niani • most prominent city was Djenne • like Ghana, it engaged in caravan trade • Mali’s famous ruler was Mansa Musa • he performed pilgrimage to Mecca, built Sankore mosque in Timbuktu The Grand Mosque of Djenne on a market day

  17. Songhai Empire • established by Songhai people • founded by Sunni Ali • its famous ruler was Askia Muhammad Toure • he expanded the empire, performed pilgrimage to Mecca, and made Sankore mosque a university • Songhai was destroyed by the Moroccan invaders in 1590-91 Sankore mosque and university, Timbuktu

  18. Other Empires of Western Africa • Oyo Empire • Segu Tukulor Empire • Asante Empire • Benin Empire • Kongo kingdom Photo: Asante king adorned with gold

  19. Ottoman Empire • Muslim • Great traders across Europe, N Africa and Asia • Sultan was the “landlord” and people left to own beliefs but many convert to Islam. • Math, astronomy, sciences, literature, architecture

  20. B. Coming of Europeans to Western Africa

  21. Reasons for European Exploration • Europeans came to West Africa in the 15th century • They came for reasons of: • Gold • God • Glory

  22. Effects of European Exploration 1. Trade: gold, ivory, pepper, etc.

  23. Effects (contd.) 2. Kidnapping of millions of Africans along the coast 3. Construction of forts and castles 4. Beginning of trans-Atlantic slave trade. 5. More direct control develops by 1800’s.

  24. http://flocabulary.com/middle-ages-africa/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uakAVGi30ps

More Related