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Albinism

Please be kind. A harsh genetic disorder is no one’s choice. Keep all comments about any pictures to yourself. Thank you. Albinism. Raashmi Patalapati, Rizzlyn Melo, Erica Price February 1, 2010 Period 3. What chromosome is Albinism located on?. Three different types of albinism:

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Albinism

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  1. Please be kind. A harsh genetic disorder is no one’s choice. Keep all comments about any pictures to yourself. Thank you.

  2. Albinism Raashmi Patalapati, Rizzlyn Melo, Erica Price February 1, 2010 Period 3

  3. What chromosome is Albinism located on? Three different types of albinism: OCA-1, OCA-2, and OCA-3 OCA-1: occurs on chromosome 11 OCA-2: occurs on chromosome 15 OCA-3: occurs on chromosome 9

  4. Summary of Albinism • Inherited disorder • Too little, or complete lack of, melanin • Shows very pale, white skin and hair. • Causes eyes to appear pink as well as creates eye problems. • Can occur in humans, animals, or plants.

  5. Mode of Inheritance • The three types of albinism are acquired through the chromosomes. • It is an autosomal recessive disorder. • Autosomal recessive means that in order to show the disease you must have two of the recessive alleles. Two copies of the gene must be mutated. • There is a equal chance of males and females showing and carrying albinism

  6. Alleles Each person has two alleles per gene One comes from the mother, the other from the father Dominant and recessive alleles are represented by letters. Dominant- capital letter Recessive- lowercase letter Dominance is when the allele is able to take over recessive alleles. Recessiveness is when the allele can be taken over by a dominant allele.

  7. Punnett Squares Punnett squares represent a particular cross of the parent’s genes to predict the reproduced outcome. Mother is on the left and father is represented on the top.

  8. Probability and Punnett Squares Ratios 2 Aa: 2 aa Percentages - 50% Aa: 50% aa

  9. Letters in Punnett Squares • What these letter mean! AA? Aa? aa? • Phenotype • AA= doesn’t show • Aa= doesn’t show • aa= shows • Genotype • AA= not a carrier • Aa= carrier • aa= carrier If A represents the normal healthy allele and a represents the recessive albino allele, then we can assume that:

  10. Punnett Squares(cont.) • Phenotype • -Ratios- 2 shows: 2 doesn’t show • - Percentages- 50% shows : 50% doesn’t show • Genotype • - Ratios- 2 Aa: 2 aa • - Percentages- 50% carries, but doesn’t show: • 50% carries and shows • 100% carries

  11. Student PracticePunnett Square PracticeFather’ genes: AA; Mother’s genes: Aa M o ther’s genes Father’s genes Genotype: Ratio: 4:4 carriers Percentage: 100% carriers Phenotype: Ratio: 4:4 doesn’t show Percentage: 100% doesn’t show

  12. *Autosomal Recessive 3-generation Pedigree Chart I Key Square: male Circle: female White= Person is fine. May possibly carry the recessive “bad gene.” Can have one “health” and one “bad” gene of two “healthy genes.” Black= Person is affected. Has 2 “bad” genes. II III

  13. Student Practice Key: circle=female square=male shaded in=infected not shaded in=carrier dot= healthy I II 1. What are the chances of two carriers of albinism passing it on to their children? (Not necessarily showing? 2. Why is it not possible that another child of the couple in generation I, could not show OR be a carrier of albinism? 3. If the unmarried male in generation II, were to reproduce, what are the possible outcomes of his children? III

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