SIGMUND FREUD & THE MIND

1. SIGMUND FREUD & THE MIND

2. The Brain vs. The Mind BRAIN: Is what is physically inside the skull , and its study consists of functions of its various structures. MIND: Refers to the mental processes, and its study is an attempt to understand the conscious and the conscious.

3. The Brain vs. The Mind Psychologists attempt to understand the brain and the mind in order to understand human behaviour.

4. SIGMUND FREUD • Was an Austrian psychiatrist who was known as the “Father of Psychoanalysis”. • As a result of working with patients he believed that many of our neurosis could be attributed to conflicts we have experienced in our past.

5. Conscious Mind • conscious mind is what you are aware of at any particular moment, your present perceptions, memories, thoughts, fantasies, and feelings • anything that can easily be made conscious, the memories you are not at the moment thinking about but can readily bring to mind

6. Preconscious/Subconscious Many artists find inspiration for their artwork through their subconscious • Largest part of the mind • It includes all the things that are not easily available to awareness • our drives or instincts, and things that are put there because we can't bear to look at them, such as the memories and emotions associated with trauma • of our motivations, whether they be simple desires for food or sex, neurotic compulsions, or the motives of an artist or scientist • we are sometimes driven to deny or resist becoming conscious of these motives, and they are often available to us only in disguised form

7. Structure of the Freudian Personality Ψ Freud assumed that the mind is divided into 3 parts: Id, Ego and Superego

10. FREUD AND THE “MIND” • Freud believed that these conflicts are stored in our “unconscious minds” – conceptual idea of brain. • He believed 3 levels to the mind: • EGO –conscious and rational. • ID- unconscious and instinctive part mind. • SUPEREGO – conscience.

11. ID • Primary • Instinctive and present at birth • Primitive • Consists of basic drives- • Pleasure Principle • GRATIFY ME NOW!

12. ID VIDEO • Wants gratification now…….. • but it cannot reason, plan, anticipate consequences • or grasp reality or actually DO anything • except stimulate reflexes &fantasies • So, drives remain unfulfilled • Creates tension Libido  Psychic Energy

13. Ego • The Egois the conscious, rational part of the mind which develops during the first 2yrs of life. • It is the part that perceives reality, anticipates consequences, decides what to do, directs action • To the extent the ego reduces the ID‘s frustrations • The energy generated by ID frustrations becomes bound or channeled into ego functions

14. Ego • The Ego gratifies the ID • but via the Reality Principle: WAITfor safe, realistic, appropriate time, place, & object • The Reality Principle & the Pleasure Principle are in perpetual conflict • Ego must work to prevent unsafe, unrealistic, inappropriate expressions of ID drives • EGO DEVELOPS IN THE FIRST 2 YEARS OF LIFE

15. Superego The superego develops at the age of 5. • Moral and judicial branch • Internalizes Parental & Societal Values • Enables self (verse external )control • 2 Components • - Ego-ideal represents that which is morally good (e.g.) Smile and you’ll be happy • Conscience: represents that which is morally bad (e.g.) Don’t frown or you’ll be sad The superego is meant to put the id “in check”.

16. Structural Model • IDØ Now! • EGOØ Later.Ø Maybe.Ø Depends. • SUPEREGOØ Never!

17. The battle between the Id, Ego and Superego

18. FREUD AND PSYCHOANALYSIS • Freud believed that people’s problems occurred in the “ego and superego” – unconscious part of the mind. • He developed a technique “psychoanalysis” to access these parts of the mind. • “Free Association” – people were hypnotized and were asked to respond to random words. • Dream analysis – he would analyze dreams and interpret their hidden meanings.

19. Conflicts among the Id ,Ego and Superego Ψ As the Id demands instant gratification, there is conflict with the Superego’s sense of right and wrong. ΨTherefore, the Ego must step in to be the referee between the two to restore them to reality. ΨThis causes much anxiety and the Ego defends itself against this by using DEFENCE MECHANISMS which reduce the anxiety. • Defense mechanisms (DF) – when there is a conflict with the EGO and ID/SUPEREGO, patients develop DF’s (hysteria, anxiety, denial etc).

20. Defence Mechanisms ΨRepression: Keep threats out of consciousness. Ψ Displacement: Move target of emotions e.g. aggression to someone/something else. Ψ Projection: Attribute undesirable characteristics to someone else..”it’s not me it’s you”. Ψ Denial: Refuse to accept the reality of an event. Ψ Intellectualisation: Remove emotions from a threatening event. Ψ Examples?

21. Defense Mechanism & The Simpsons • Conflict between ID and Superego causes the Ego to defend itself. • Here is an example from the Simpsons . • Homer is going mad because he was not able to gratify his IDs urges for alcohol and TV. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yGJGTjV2WE

22. ID, EGO, SUPEREGO ROLE PLAY • I need 3 volunteers to act out a scene demonstrating how the ID, EGO, AND SUPERGO function.