The Progressives Respond

1. The Progressives Respond I can: Identify how the Progressives addressed the problems they saw through various reforms and legislation.

2. Bell Ringer 11/15/13 • The Progressive movement was most responsible for which development? • A. Politicians becoming more laissez-faire about economic issues • B. Government becoming more responsive to social issues • C. A growing interest in expanding U.S. influence beyond its borders • D. The application of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution to human society

3. Bell Ringer 11/18/13 • The initiative, referendum, and recall election were supported by the Progressives as ways to • A. limit government regulation of the press • B. limit the role of the Supreme Court in constitutional issues • C. increase citizen participation in the political process • D. increase the influence of major political parties

4. Who were they and what did they do? • Progressives- reformers that were committed to improving conditions in American life. • Jane Addams- social worker • Cofounder of Hull House- Chicago’s first settlement house

5. Progressive to Activist • Activist- prepared to use political action to achieve reforms… wanted gov’t to solve society’s probs. • Many Progressives were: • Urban, middle class, college educated, white women

6. Two Reform Mvmts 2 movements inspired Progressivism: Populism- political Social Gospel- religious “Society must take responsibility for those who are less fortunate.”

7. Progressives challenge Social Darwinism Strongly opposed “survival of the fittest” They argued: domination by the rich and powerful was a distortion of democracy. Gov’t should play active role in helping citizens And Promote social reforms to clean up the cities and help those in need.

8. What did they want? • Progressives focused on improving: • Living conditions in cities • Child labor issues • Conditions in the work place • Local gov’t and state gov’t • Suffrage • Equality for all races

9. Living Conditions in the cities • NY passed Tenement House Act 1901 • Required each new tenement to be built with a central courtyard and to have a bathroom in each apartment • White Wings- street sweepers/garbage collectors • “The White Wings saved more lives in the crowded tenements than a squad of doctors.” - Jacob Riis

11. Children out of Factories and in School 1890 4% of teenagers go to school! (Sad day) 1893, Illinois- child labor outlawed 1904 National Child Labor Committee cofounded by Florence Kelley 1912- NCLC convinced 39 states to pass child labor laws! 1930- almost ½ of all high-school aged youth attended school (Better day)

12. Workplace Mixed success helping adult workers People wanted less working hours 1905 Supreme Court ruled that 14th Amendment protects the right to “purchase or sell labor” So… they lost

13. Better for Women “weaker sex” needed better protection 1908- Muller v. Oregon- states can limit work hours for women “healthy mothers are essential to vigorous offspring.” 1916-2/3 states had workers’ compensation laws– get hurt at work… get paid!

15. Reforming Local Government Progressives aim at corruption in city gov’t Elect progressive mayors supporting reform Change structure- limits power of political machines and makes city gov’ts more competent!

16. State Government Return power to the people 1. Secret ballots- can’t tell who you voted for 2. Direct primary- voters hold elections to choose candidates from each party to run in general elections 3.Recall- elected official removed before end of term 4.Initiative- citizens propose and pass laws without involving state legislature 5. Referendum-(western states) law on ballot approved or rejected by voters

17. Progressives confront social inequality Women fight for the right to vote http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSmbNN0C8K8&feature=related “If we are trusted to clean up our homes, then we should be trusted to clean up society!”

18. Seneca Falls Convention • Key figure: Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Key argument: • “the power to make laws was the right through which all other rights could be secured.” • National American Woman Suffrage Association NAWSA– moved suffrage movement into political force at state and national levels

19. Results • 1st victories at state level • 1898= 4 western states allowed women right to vote • 1918= women had voting rights in 15 states • 1916= 4 years before women had right to vote nationwide… 1st woman elected to serve in Congress= • Jeannette Rankin= House of Representatives

20. African Americans struggle for Equality • Booker T. Washington- African American educator founded the Tuskegee Institute • Vocational college for African Americans • 1909 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) confront racism • W.E.B. Du Bois- founding member

21. Lynching of African Americans 1882-1929

22. Ida B. Wells-Barnett • Cofounder of NAACP • 1892 Protested lynching • Urged African Americans to leave Memphis • Despite efforts… Federal Government did not pass any laws against lynching

23. Confronting Racism: differing viewpoints • Booker T. Washington: gradual economic advancement • Work hard, take advantage of opportunity • Eventually we will get there

24. W.E.B. Du Bois: • radical path of political activism • Push for Civil Rights • Protest unfair treatment and fight for equality • Criticized Washington (totally different approach)!