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Explorers

Explorers . Social Studies. How Europeans saw the world. People only knew of three continents—Europe, Africa, and Asia. Some thought it was impossible to sail across the ocean. Technology—knowledge used for making things. Early World Maps. World Map 1595. World Map.

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Explorers

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  1. Explorers Social Studies

  2. How Europeans saw the world • People only knew of three continents—Europe, Africa, and Asia. • Some thought it was impossible to sail across the ocean. • Technology—knowledge used for making things.

  3. Early World Maps

  4. World Map 1595

  5. World Map

  6. Reasons for Exploration • GOD • Exploration as a way to spread Christianity • Duty to convert all non-Christians to Christians • GLORY • Fame and fortune • GOLD • Trade with Asia • Riches = spices, fine silks, and gems

  7. Technological Developments • Navigate-chart the course of a journey. • Astrolabe measured latitude • But designed for land

  8. Technological Developments • Cross-staff used to figure latitude more accurately

  9. Technological Developments • Square-rigged sails. • Hold their own against tossing waves during short trips along the coast. • Only sail in the same direction as the wind. • Could not make long voyages without being blown off course.

  10. Square rigged sail

  11. Lateen Sails • Catch winds from the sides and from the rear of a ship.

  12. Caravel • Portuguese • The rudder made it possible to steer the ships without oarsmen. Rudder

  13. Weapons • Carried swords, spears, bows, and armor on ships. • As technology improved…. • Guns • Cannons

  14. Lesson 2 • Portuguese • Spanish Exploration

  15. Spain Columbus Vasco Nunez de Balboa Magellan Cortes Coronado Hernando de Soto Portugal Henry Bartolomeu Dias Vasco da Gama Spanish/Portuguese Explorers

  16. Explorer Chart

  17. Spice Route • Couldn’t use straight easy route due to armed Muslim control. • Forced Europeans to find sea routes to Asia.

  18. Portugal • Henry the Navigator • In charge of finding a sea route to Asia • Wanted to go south to the Indian Ocean. • Died in 1460

  19. Bartolomeu Dias • Rounded the southern tip of Africa

  20. Vasco da Gama • Sailed all the way around Africa to India. • Lasted over two years. • Succeeded in opening trade route to Asia for Portugal.

  21. Vasco da Gama

  22. Early Spanish Exploration • From Genoa, Italy • Knew Portugal was sailing to Asia by going around Africa. • Believed that the shortest route was west. Little known fact is that Christopher Columbus never posed for a portrait in his lifetime.

  23. The many images of Columbus I’m Christopher Columbus NO! I’m Christopher Columbus NO! I’m Christopher Columbus NO! I’m Christopher Columbus

  24. Columbus • Spent eight years trying to get European rulers to pay for his voyage. • Finally 1492, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain gave him the money. • The king and queen wanted to spread Spanish power and get some of the Asian riches like Portugal.

  25. Columbus Voyages • Left Spain on August 3, 1492 • Set course straight across Atlantic west.

  26. Columbus hits land!! • October 12, Columbus landed on a tiny Caribbean island that is today one of the Bahama Islands. • He named it “San Salvador”—Holy Savior.

  27. Columbus meets the natives • Columbus call the Taino people there “Indios” or Indians because he believed he had reached the Indies. • But…………….. • He only landed in the Caribbean and not in India!!! OH SNAP!!!!!!

  28. Columbus’ other voyages • Returned to Spain in 1493 with six Taino captives, plants and gold for Spanish rulers. • So impressed they sent him back three more times, 1493, 1498, and 1502. • But failed to find the riches of Asia. He never knew that he had found a continent new to the Europeans called…….

  29. The new continent • …….America!!!! • Named after the Italian map maker Amerigo Vespucci. • But, did you know that Columbus was not the first to discover America? • The first to discover America was…….

  30. The first to discover America was… • You are correct! • The Vikings! • 500 Years Earlier!

  31. And… • ..in 1421 • The Chinese fleet landed in America about 71 years before Columbus!!

  32. Explorers After Columbus • 1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed Panama on foot and arrived at the Pacific Ocean. • Another ocean stood between Spain and the Indies!

  33. Are you gellin’? • 1521 Ferdinand Magellan became the first European to sail west across the Pacific. • Crew continued west from Asia, retuning to Spain in 1522. • Completed first trip around the world!

  34. The search for GOLD • Even though America was not Asia, the Spanish kept searching for riches. • 1519, Hernan Cortes went to Mexico, believing there were huge gold mines. • Went to the capital city of the Aztecs.

  35. Cortes • Cortes and his army took the Aztecs’ gold and jewels. • Destroyed the buildings. • On the ruins, he built Mexico City, which became the capital of a Spanish empire.

  36. Coronado and de Soto • Francisco Coronado did not find gold, but claimed land in southern North America for Spain. Francisco Coronado Hernando de Soto

  37. Hernan Cortes Hernando de Soto Francisco Coronado • Cortes, de Soto, and Coronado were three of the most notable conquistadors • Conquistador is Spanish for conqueror

  38. Spanish Conquest

  39. Name that Explorer • Conquered Aztecs and built Mexico City • 1st European to sail around the world • Sailed for Spain and believed he landed in the Indies • Claimed land in southern North America Hernan Cortes Ferdinand Magellan Christopher Columbus Francisco Coronado

  40. Name that Explorer • Rounded the southern tip of Africa • Sailed all the way around Africa to India • Called the natives Indians because he thought he was in the Indies Bartolomeu Dias Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus

  41. Explorer Chart

  42. HomeworkLesson 2 Questions • Da Gama succeeded in establishing a trade route with who and for which country? • Columbus was considered a failure at his death because??? • The Spanish explored the Americas and conquered native Indian peoples in search of what? • Which groups of people discovered the Americas before Columbus? • Columbus became convinced that the shortest route to Asia or the Indies was where? • Why did Columbus call the local natives he met Indians?

  43. Spanish and Portuguese Explorer map • Label: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, India, Portugal, Spain, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and The Silk Road • Use different colors or type of lines or materials such as dotted, dash, or combo to show the route of each of the explorers: Dias Da Gama Columbus Magellan Cortes Coronado DeSoto • Create a Key/Legend to explain the makings • Mount your map to 9”x12” construction paper • Color and decorate your map

  44. Lesson 3 • French, Dutch, and English fantastic voyages!

  45. Exploration of North America • Why explore North America? • Exploration made Spain and Portugal rich! French, Dutch, English also wanted to be rich! • Portugal controlled routes to Asia, Africa and part of South America. • Spain claimed Central America and the rest of South America. • Therefore everyone else went north to seek fame and fortune.

  46. Land Claims 1763

  47. French Voyages • 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano from Italy. • Searched for the legendary “Northwest Passage” • Legendary water route to China through North America • Verrazano landed near North Carolina and mapped the coast up to Maine.

  48. Verrazzano

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