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The Tide of the War Turns

The Tide of the War Turns. 19.5 Notes. The Battle of Gettysburg. Confederates won battles at Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg, both in Virginia. Lee’s Northern Offensive These victories encouraged Confederate general Lee to launch another offensive into Union territory.

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The Tide of the War Turns

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  1. The Tide of the War Turns 19.5 Notes

  2. The Battle of Gettysburg • Confederates won battles at Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg, both in Virginia. • Lee’s Northern Offensive • These victories encouraged Confederate general Lee to launch another offensive into Union territory. • Wanted to break the North’s will to fight • Also hoped to capture much-needed supplies • Lee’s Confederate forces gathered near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in June 1863.

  3. The Battle of Gettysburg • The Battle of Gettysburg • Began on July 1, 1863 • Union line fell back to Cemetery Ridge; Confederates occupied nearby Seminary Ridge. • The next day, General George G. Meade strengthened the Union line. • Lee ordered General George Pickett to help lead a charge on the Union center. • Pickett’s Charge was a disaster, with many Confederates killed, wounded, or captured.

  4. A Turning Point • Confederate Defeat • Lee retreated from Gettysburg on July 4, 1863, and returned to Virginia. • The Confederates never again launched an attack onto northern soil. • Union casualties: more than 23,000; Confederate casualties: more than 28,000

  5. A Turning Point • The Gettysburg Address • Delivered by Lincoln on November 1863 • One of the most famous speeches in US history • Discussed ideals such as liberty and equality, which northerners were defending

  6. Grant’s Drive to Richmond • Lincoln selected Grant to command the Union army. • Battles in early 1864 weakened the Confederate army and diminished its supplies. • The Wilderness Campaign • Fought in northern and central Virginia, in May and June 1864 • Union forces: 100,000 men; Confederate forces: 70,000 • Union forces suffered twice as many casualties as Confederate forces. • Grant’s failure to capture Richmond discouraged Lincoln.

  7. Sherman Strikes the South • Atlanta • William Tecumseh Sherman led Union troops from Tennessee to Georgia. • Atlanta fell to Sherman in September 1864. • The victory inspired northerners, who re-elected Lincoln as President.

  8. Sherman Strikes the South • March to the Sea • Sherman marched his troops to the port city of Savannah, Georgia. • Waged total war- destroying both civilian and military resources

  9. The South Surrenders • In April 1865 Grant forced Lee to abandon Richmond. • Lee surrendered in the town of Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865. • Costs of War • The Civil War took almost 620,00 American lives. • Bitterness between the North and South lasted for years.

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