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China and Japan Encounter the Western World

China and Japan Encounter the Western World . SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions. d . Examine the interaction of China and Japan with westerners; include the Opium War, the Tai Ping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry. Chapter 22, Sections 1 and 3 .

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China and Japan Encounter the Western World

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  1. China and Japan Encounter the Western World SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions. d. Examine the interaction of China and Japan with westerners; include the Opium War, the Tai Ping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry. Chapter 22, Sections 1 and 3

  2. Decline of the Qing Dynasty • In 1800, after a long period of peace & prosperity, the Qing were at the height of their power. • A little over a century later, humiliated & harassed by the Western powers, the Qing dynasty collapsed. • Reasons for decline: Intense external pressure applied by the modern West; Internal change including corruption, peasant unrest, & incompetence • Ships, guns, and ideas of foreigners highlighted the growing weaknesses and probably hastened the end.

  3. Background of the Opium War • By 1800, Europeans had been in contact with China for more than 200 years. • Restricted however to the island of Guangzhou • The British did not like this arrangement • British also imported more goods from China than they exported to China including tea, silk, and porcelain. • At first, they tried to negotiate. When that didn’t result, they turned to Opium.

  4. Background Continued… • Opium grown in northern India and shipped directly to Chinese markets. (India is a colony of Great Britain.) • Demand for opium (a highly addictive drug) in South China jumped dramatically. • Silver was flying out of Chinese hands and into the pockets of the British East India Company • British were not the first to trade opium; China had seen its dangerous qualities and made it illegal

  5. The Opium War • Government appealed to the Queen on moral grounds; British refused to stop Opium Trade • Chinese blockaded the port at Guangzhou to force traders to surrender the Opium • British responded with force starting the Opium War.

  6. The Opium War Continued… • 1839 – 1842 • Chinese were no match for the British • Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 • Chinese opened 5 coastal ports to British trade • Limited taxes on British goods • Chinese would pay the cost of the war • Chinese would give the British the island of Hong Kong • Marked the beginning of the establishment of Western influence in China.

  7. Tai Ping Rebellion • 1850 – 1864 • Failure of the Chinese government to deal with pressing internal economic problems led to a peasant revolt • Led by Hong Xiuquan, a Christian convert who viewed himself as a younger brother of Jesus Christ • Convinced God gave him the mission of destroying the Qing dynasty

  8. Tai Ping Rebellion Continued… • Joined by crowds of peasants, captured the town of Yongan, and proclaimed a new dynasty, the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace • Appealed to people because of its social reforms • Giving land to all peasants • Treating women as equals to men • Called for people to give up private possessions • Outlawed alcohol and tobacco • Eliminated foot binding

  9. Impact of Tai Ping Rebellion • Europeans came to the aid of the Qing dynasty after rebels seized Xianjing, the second largest city and massacred 25,000 people • Treaty of Tianjin in 1858 • Legalized Opium trade • Opened new ports • Surrendered Kowloon Peninsula • In 1860, British seized Beijing

  10. Japanese contact with the west

  11. An End to Isolation • By 1800, the Tokugawa shogunate had ruled the Japanese islands for 200 years • They drove out foreign traders & missionaries and isolated the country from virtually all contact with the outside world • To the Western powers, Japanese isolation was a challenge • West convinced global trade would benefit all nations • First foreign power to succeed was the U.S.

  12. U.S. Gain Entry to Japan • Summer of 1853: An American fleet of 4 warships under Commodore Matthew Perry arrive in Edo Bay (now Tokyo Bay) • Sought to bring a singular & isolated people into the family of civilized nations • Perry brought letter from President Millard Fillmore asking for better treatment of sailors shipwrecked on Japanese islands • Requested opening of foreign relations between the US and Japan

  13. About 6 Months Later… • Tokugawa Shogunate continue discussions on the pros and cons to American intervention. • Commodore Perry returns with a larger fleet for an answer. • After weeks of negotiations, Japan realized they were in no position to defend themselves against a foreign power and could not retain isolation with risking war.

  14. Treaty of Kanagawa • March 31, 1854 • Return of shipwrecked American sailors • Opening of two ports to Western traders • Establishment of a U.S. consulate in Japan • Friendly relations between the two countries ; marked the beginning of Western interaction with Japan

  15. Resistance to the New Order… • Highly unpopular in parts of Japan, particularly among the samurai in the southern territories • 1863: Sat-Cho alliance forced the shogun to promise to end relations with the west • Jan 1868: Armies attacked the shogun’s palace in Kyoto & proclaimed the authority of the emperor had been restored. • End of the Tokugawa Shogunate

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