GLOBAL STUDIES REVIEW TOPICS

1. GLOBAL STUDIES REVIEW TOPICS • SCHEDULE FOR REVIEW SESSION • Review agenda (9:40-9:45) • PowerPoint Presentation (9:45-10:10) • Review Packet (10:10 – 10:20) • 5 MIN. BREAK (10:20-10:25) • PowerPoint Presentation (10:25-10:45) • Review packet questions (10:45-10:55) • PowerPoint Presentation (10:55-11:15) • Review remaining questions(11:15-11:25) • ADVICE • Notice the time schedule…we will not be able to cover everything so make sure you ask questions! • TAKE NOTES!!! • TEST DATE – 6/18 at 12PM • Political Systems • Absolutism • Totalitarianism • Fundamentalism • Imperialism • Communism • Feudalism • Tyrant • Dictator • Junta • Republic • Democracy • Bureaucracy • Multi-party, Two-party, Single-party • Limited Monarchy • Hobbes/Locke vs. The Philosophes • Left vs. Right • Revolutions • Green • Industrial • Scientific • Computer • Neolithic • French • Communist • Cultural • Glorious • Economics • Market Economy • Command Economy • Mixed Economy • Communism • Socialism • Capitalism • Mercantilism • Manorialism/Feudalism • Subsistence • Time Periods • 5000-500BC • 500BC-500CE • 500CE-1000 • 1000-1400 • 1400-1750 • 1750-1900 • 1900-1945 • 1945-PRESENT • Locations • China/Japan • W.Europe • Africa • E.Europe/Asia • India/SE Asia • Middle East • South/Central America

2. Developed Nations Global north North America Japan Western Europe Russia China S. Korea Former colonial powers Industrialized High literacy rates Developing and/or Underdeveloped Nations Global south South/Central America India/Asia Southeast Asia Africa Former colonies Primarily agrarian Caught in the Cycle of Poverty low income Low productivity low savings low investment Causes - Geography - Lack of Resources - Post colonial policies - Lack of Capital - Overpopulation - Political Instability - Trade deficits - Cold War Policies Global Studies 1980-Present

3. Case Studies in Central Africa The Congo • Civil War among 200 different ethnic groups early 1960’s • Mobutu Sese Seko gains control in 1965 and renames Zaire - establishes a brutal dictatorship - supported by the U.S. because he is anti-communist (Cold War) - the nation is robbed by corrupt officials and is economically ruined • In 1997 rebels remove Mobutu from power and rename Zaire the Democratic Republic of the Congo Tanzania • Julius Nyerere introduces a command economy in the 1960’s (socialsim) - Nationalizes banks - takes control of foreign owned businesses - sets up a one-party democracy - collectivization of farms • Debt due to a lack of capital and foreign support (Cold War) • 1985 Ali Hassan Mwinyi takes power and enactsfree-market reforms Angola • Gains independence from Portugal in 1975 • The MPLA (Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola) backed by Cuba and the U.S.S.R. establishes a communist dictatorship. • UNITA (União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) supported by the U.S. and South Africa fights to undermine the MPLA until 1991

5. Nicaragua: 1981-1989 Sandinistas Contras “Iran-Contra Scandal” Cuba: 1959-1961 Castro “Bay of Pigs” Cuban Missile Crisis Greece: 1946-1949 Truman Doctrine Cambodia: 1975-1979 Pol Pot Khmer Rouge “The Killing Fields” Afghanistan: 1978-1989 Mujahideen U.S. boycotts 1980 Olympics “Charlie Wilson’s War” Vietnam: 1959-1975 Ho Chi Minh “Hey Hey LBJ…” “The Fall of Saigon” Hungary: 1956 Soviet invasion “crisis” in the Suez Korea: 1950-1953 38th Parallel DMZ Kim Jong Il Yom Kippur War: 1973 Israel vs. Egypt/Syria Camp David Accords

6. HOT SPOTS! NORTH KOREA - A hard line communist dictatorship, with nuclear capabilities, and a desire to unite North and South Korea. - North Korea spent large amounts of money on military build up, and successfully tested long-range missiles during the 1990’s CHINA - China has the world’s largest population - Human rights violations continue to concern Western nations (Economic interdependence) - Conflict between Communist China and Taiwan (Formosa) INDIA and PAKISTAN - Both have become nuclear powers - A continuing state of war exists between the two over Kashmir SOVIET REPUBLICS (Former) - Conflict continues as more republics attempt to break away - Attempting to switch from command to market economies has led to economic instability. - Chechnya is a recent area of conflict

9. Conflicts and Peace Efforts • SOUTH ASIA and SOUTHEAST ASIA • India • - Muslims (Pakistan and Bangladesh) - Sikhs (Punjab) • - Hindus (Indian majority) • Sri Lanka(island off the southeastern coast of India) • - Tamil (Hindu minority) vs. Sinhalese (Buddhist majority) • Indonesia • - East Timor (Catholic majority) demanded independence from Indonesia (87% Muslim) and fell into civil war. • - East Timor was granted independence in 1999 • AFRICA • Rwanda • - Hutu (majority) extremists commit genocide, slaughtering over a ½ million Tutsis (minority). • - A mass of refugees leads to problems throughout the region • Somalia • - Controlled by regional warlords throughout the 1990’s • - United Nations famine relief is confiscated by these warlords leading to U.S./U.N. military intervention. • - Mogadishu, Somalia is the setting for “Black Hawk Down”

10. Ethnic and Religious Tensions • IRELAND • Ireland gains independence from Great Britain in 1922 however Britain • maintained control of 6 counties in the north. • Protestant North vs. Catholic South • - During the Glorious Revolution the CATHOLIC heir to the throne was • exiled to Northern Ireland when Oliver Cromwell (PURITANS) took control. • The IRA seeks to drive the British out of the north and unify Ireland, terrorism is • their main weapon. • THE BALKANS • Yugoslavia, created after WWI in an attempt to defuse the “Powder Keg of Europe” • A variety of ethnic and religious groups within this multinational state • - Serbs (Orthodox Christians) - Croats (Roman Catholics) • - Albanians (Muslims) • Yugoslavia, an eastern BLOC nation, disintegrates after the fall of the U.S.S.R. • - Croatia - Slovenia - Bosnia - Serbia • - Herzegovina - Macedonia - Kosovo • The breakup is VIOLENT • - Yugoslavian president Slobodan Milosevic (leader of Serbia) attempts to stop the break-up • - ETHNIC CLEANSING and other war crimes • - NATO intervenes attempting to stabilize the region • - Slobodan Milosevic is sent to the Hague to face charges of “crimes against humanity”

11. Global Interdependence • Global Trade Dependence on oil - The rise and fall of oil prices severely effect developing nations Global Banking and Financial Markets - Inflation and rising interest rates have made paying back foreign loans extremely difficult for poorer nations. - Economic prosperity and/or failure in one country can effect other nations as well. Multinational Corporations - Businesses that operate in many different nations. - Usually based in the North, these corporations can bring modernization to underdeveloped nations, but may damage the development of local companies. • Regional Cooperation - Nations within a common region link their economies to achieve prosperity - EU; NAFTA; ASEAN; OPEC, OAU, • The United Nations (International Peace and Cooperation) - The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: human beings are born free and equal with dignity and freedoms that all people should have. (The Enlightenment)

12. Themes in Global Studies • Imperialism • Diversity • Interdependence • Justice & Law • Movement of People and Goods • Science & Technology • Conflict • Modern Global Connections & • Interactions • Change & Turning Points • Human Rights • Belief Systems • Geography & The Environment • Economic Systems • Political Systems • Culture & Intellectual Life • Nationalism

13. CHANGE (Revolutions) PASSIVE VIOLENT • The Neolithic Revolution • Commercial Revolution • Scientific Revolution • Industrial Revolution • Computer Revolution • (social & technological) • French Revolution • Russian Revolution • (political revolutions)