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The Cold War

The Cold War. The Cold War. Why did a “Cold War” develop?. 1. Ideology. Marxism: The “Communist Manifesto”. Workers (proletariat) deprived of wealth they create by the bourgeoisie (wealthy) Government is run by bourgeoisie Religion is an opiate for the masses Therefore:

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War

  2. The Cold War

  3. Why did a “Cold War” develop?

  4. 1. Ideology

  5. Marxism: The “Communist Manifesto” • Workers (proletariat) deprived of wealth they create by the bourgeoisie (wealthy) • Government is run by bourgeoisie • Religion is an opiate for the masses • Therefore: • Worker should be loyal to nothing except his own class

  6. Marxism • Founder of ‘Communism’ • Working class people will: • Rise up in revolution • Overthrow governments • Implement communism • Share the wealth

  7. World Response to Communism • Russian Revolution • GB, FR, US aid white armies • Red scare in the West • Will Communism spread??? • Can it happen here??

  8. 2. “ I love the Russians but I think we should shake hands with them as far East as possible.”

  9. 3. USSR Takes Control of Eastern Europe • USSR occupied and took complete control of all territory on its western border

  10. Soviets Tighten Grip on Eastern Europe • Satellite nations = communist governments controlled by the Soviet Union by 1948 • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • Hungary • Romania • Yugoslavia (Communist but Stalin could not control Tito) • Poland • Soviets ban elections and democracy • Install communist puppet dictators

  11. When did it start?

  12. Tehran ConferenceNov-Dec 1943 • The conference was held to strengthen the cooperation of the United States, Great Britain, and the USSR in World War II. • Agreement was reached on the scope and timing of operations against Germany, including plans for the Allied invasion of France. • Stalin reaffirmed his pledge to commit Soviet forces against Japan after the defeat of Germany. • The final communiqué also stressed the need for cooperation through the United Nations in meeting the problems of peace.

  13. Feb. 1945: The “Big 3” at the Yalta Conference

  14. Potsdam Conference

  15. Iron Curtain • “A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory…From Stettin the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent…” -- Churchill • Iron curtain is an invisible dividing line between the east (Communist) and West (Democracies)

  16. …the Soviet view

  17. Tomas Masaryk • Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia • Strong anti-communist • 10 March 1948 found dead, in his pajamas, under an open window in the Ministry building • Soon afterward, Communists took control of government

  18. US Fears • Spread of Communism • Civil war in Greece • Communist could win • Soviets could expand and take over Turkey • Chinese Civil War • Mao and Communists

  19. US Response to Iron Curtain and Soviet Expansion • ‘Policy of the US is to support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures’ -- Truman • Truman Doctrine: Prevent the spread of Communism anywhere in the world Containment

  20. 16 countries receive $13 billion in aid from US Why? Rebuild war-torn Europe Aid starving people Contain the spread of communism General George C. Marshall War hero Secretary of State & Defense Nobel Peace Prize Winner in 1953 Marshall Plan

  21. Central Intelligence Agency • Created in 1947 • Signed by Truman • Protect US national security • Coordinate nation’s intelligence

  22. The Berlin Blockade 1948-49 • Democracy vs Communism • Control over Berlin • Reconstruction of Germany

  23. Berlin Blockade and Long-term Causes

  24. Berlin Blockade and Short –term/Immediate Causes AND… • 2.1 million residents of West Berlin • Had enough food for the 1st five weeks • Starvation • Eating grass • Scrounging • Fuel • Chopped down all trees

  25. Berlin Blockade 1948 • So why did Stalin do this?

  26. Western Options For each one, consider: • Advantages? • Disadvantages?

  27. Western options cont’d

  28. Berlin Airlift • 277,000 flights • 327 days • 2.3 million tons • Food • Fuel • Medicine • Even Christmas presents

  29. Warsaw Pact • Relations between US & Soviet Union improve until… • West Germany rearms & joins NATO in 1955 • Soviet Union created a military alliance named the Warsaw Pact in response: East Germany Soviet Union Poland Albania Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria

  30. NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Why created? Fear of Communism • Pledge of military support • Standing army of 500,000 • Largely US • Members: NATO Flag Luxembourg Iceland Great Britain Portugal France US Turkey Canada Norway Denmark Italy Greece Belgium West Germany The Netherlands

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