1 / 14

The Rise and Decline of the Gunpowder Empires

The Rise and Decline of the Gunpowder Empires. AP World History. Overview. Rise of Ottomans, Safavid, Mughal Conditions of Europe: Why no Gunpowder Empire in Europe? Big Question: What accounts for the rise of the Gunpowder Empires and why aren’t they able to keep pace with Europe?.

melanie-mueller
Download Presentation

The Rise and Decline of the Gunpowder Empires

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Rise and Decline of the Gunpowder Empires AP World History

  2. Overview • Rise of Ottomans, Safavid, Mughal • Conditions of Europe: Why no Gunpowder Empire in Europe? • Big Question: What accounts for the rise of the Gunpowder Empires and why aren’t they able to keep pace with Europe?

  3. European Overview • Most Monarchs claim Divine Right • Intermarriage among royal bloodlines is common • Monarchs gain influence in another country via marriage/inheritance ties (i.e., Phillip II) • Strong National Loyalties develop (Spain/Portugal start  Replaced by France/England • Wars: Religious, Political, Economic

  4. Rise of Mughal India • Rise of power swift, easily conquered and controlled Northern India. (map) • Akbar solidified power, made social changes • Created a new religion with elements of Hinduism and Islam • Eliminated jizya tax on Hindus • Allowed Hindus to build temples again • Promoted Hindus in the gov’t • Outlawed Sati (immolation), discouraged child marriage

  5. Mughal Military Power • Massive armies, cavalry, artillery, no navy • Firearms purchased from Europeans, limited local production • Troops poorly trained – conscripted from poor

  6. Mughal Decline • Public works (including the Taj Mahal) drain budgets

  7. Mughal Decline • Wars to conquer Southern India depleted reserves, distracted emperor from internal problems (uprisings and revolts), and incursions from Persian and Afghan warriors bands

  8. Mughal Decline • Repressive tax system, with few benefits seen by poor • Extensive bureaucracy allowed large scale corruption • Later emperors refused to integrate Hindus into the gov’t (80% of population) • Military technology unable to match European development – modernization plan – Why?

  9. Ottoman Rise • Void left by Mongols taken up by Ottomans • Cavalry, Jannisaries dominate • Conquer Constantinople, make it their capital • Considered the “terror of Europe”

  10. Ottoman Military Might • Adopted firearms readily – easily defeated Muslim rivals, Hungary • Initially they had superior technology • 15th Century - Build navy to ward off Europeans, gain control of Mediterranean (Significance?)

  11. 400 Years of Decline • Military victories bring about decline, how? • Had to constantly guard gains

  12. 400 Years of Decline • Conservative Islam focused on tradition, spirituality • Turks did not have the resources, forethought to modernize army • Trade imbalance • Middle class heavily taxed (why relevant?) • Numerous ineffective leaders

  13. Land-Based Empires • Focus on self-defense • Agricultural base, not industrialization • Centralized power • Large land masses • Controlled by large administrative and economic systems • Why have you never heard of them?

More Related