Kingdom Protista

1. Kingdom Protista Protists belong to the Kingdom Protista, which includes mostly unicellular organisms that live in moist environments.

2. Characteristics of Protists • Mostly unicellular • Muticellular are algae • Are autotrophic or heterotrophic • Some are both auto and heterotrophic • Most live in water, moist soil or in human body • Eukaryotic • A protist is an organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus

3. Protist means the very first • Classification of Protists • How they obtain nutrition • How they move

4. Types of Protists • Animal-like – protozoans (means first animal) are heterotrophic • Plant-like – algae are autotrophic • Fungus-like –hetertrophs, decompsers and have external digestion

5. Animal-like Protists • Classified by how they move • Examples • Zooflagellates –flagella • Sacodines – pseudopods (cytoplasmic streaming) • Ciliates – cilia • Sprozoans – do not move

6. Zooflagellates • Move using one or two flagella • Absorb food across membrane • Example- trypanosoma (African Sleeping Sickness) or dinoflagellates - red tides

7. Sarcodines Reproduce by binary fission Contains a contractile vacuole to remove excess water Can cause disease – amebic dysentery- stomach upset Example - Ameoba • Move using pseudopodia which are “false feet”- extensions of cytoplasm called ameboid movement • Ingests food through endocytosis, creating a food vacuole

8. Ciliates • Move using cilia • Has 2 nuclei – macro and micronucleus • Food enters through a mouth pore into a gullet • Anal pore removes wastes • Contractile vacuole • Exhibits avoidance behavior • Reproduces by both binary fission or conjugation • Cell membrane is called pellicle – rigid to keep shape • Example - Paramecium

9. Sporozoans • Do not move on their own • Parasitic • Example – plasmodium which causes – • Malaria is a sporozoan that infects the liver and blood