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Principles of Immunology Organs of the Immune System 1/31/06

Principles of Immunology Organs of the Immune System 1/31/06. “There are two ways to slide easily through life. Believe everything or doubt everything. Both ways save us from thinking.” A Korzybski. Word List. Antigenic commitment Clonal proliferation GALT Lymph Lymphocyte activation

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Principles of Immunology Organs of the Immune System 1/31/06

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  1. Principles of ImmunologyOrgans of the Immune System 1/31/06 “There are two ways to slide easily through life. Believe everything or doubt everything. Both ways save us from thinking.” A Korzybski

  2. Word List • Antigenic commitment • Clonal proliferation • GALT • Lymph • Lymphocyte activation • MALT • Peyer’s patches • Primary lymphoid organs • Secondary lymphoid organs • Self antigens

  3. Lymphoid System • Primary lymphoid organs • Bone marrow • Thymus • Secondary lymphoid organs • Organized • Lymph nodes • Spleen • Less organized

  4. Lymphatic System • Network of vessels • Collects fluid from tissues • Major cell is lymphocyte • Unidirectional • Often first place where antigens are detected

  5. Thymus • Structure • Gross • Bi-lobed • Lies above heart • Microscopic • Capsular • Lobules with outer cortex and inner medulla

  6. Thymus • Function • Takes in immature T cells and puts out mature (immunocompetent) T cells • Increased diversity of T cells • T cell selection

  7. Thymus • T cell selection • Based on MHC/Ag complex recognition • Recognize MHC/Non self AG complexes • Recognize MHC/Self Ag complexes • Do not recognize MHC/Ag complexes • Athymic condition • Natural • Other

  8. Bone marrow • Structure • Microscopic • Less well defined than thymus • Role of stromal cells • Function • Hematopoiesis • B cell maturation • B cell selection • Puts out mature, naive B cells

  9. Lymph Nodes • Structure • Gross • Bean-shaped structures • Drains major segments of lymphatic system

  10. Lymph Nodes • Structure • Microscopic • Major cell types • Lymphocytes • Macrophages • Dendritic cells • Cortex/paracortex/medulla • Follicles • Primary • Secondary

  11. Lymph Nodes • Function • 1st line of response to antigens • Secondary follicle (Germinal center) is site of B cell proliferation, mutation, differentiation • Specificity is high • >90% of B cells die through apoptosis • After Ag stimualtion lymphocyte numbers up by 50X in efferent lymphatic vessel • Lympadenopathy

  12. Spleen • Structure • Gross • Ovoid organ in upper left quadrant of abdomen • Microscopic • Compartmentalized • Red pulp • White pulp • Periarticualr lymphoid sheath • Site of Ag presentation • Major cell types • Lymphocytes • Macrophages • Dendritic cells • RBCs

  13. Spleen • Function • Filters out older RBCs • Responds to Ag in circulatory system • Produces activated B cells • Splenectomy

  14. Tonsils • Follicular structure • Contains lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells • Germinal centers appear in response to Ag • Protective role in URI

  15. Appendix • Associated with intestines • Responds to Ag • Role in GI immune response

  16. MALT • Lymphoid tissues below epithelium • Presence of B cells • Ag presented through unique cell (M cell) • Preferentially responds with IgA antibody

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