1 / 19

Immune response against tumors

Immune response against tumors. Tumor antigens. Tumor-speciphic antigens – new antigens which develop in tumor cells. Tumor associated antigens – „normal“ body antigens, but their expression is markedly increased in malignancies (e.g. carcionembryonic antigens).

mele
Download Presentation

Immune response against tumors

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Immune response against tumors

  2. Tumor antigens • Tumor-speciphic antigens – new antigens which develop in tumor cells. • Tumor associated antigens – „normal“ body antigens, but their expression is markedly increased in malignancies (e.g. carcionembryonic antigens).

  3. Tumor antigens in different types of tumors • Virus-induced tumors: Antigens are usually virus-speciphic. • Carcinogen-induced: no inducer-related specificity of antigens. • Spontaneous tumors: antigens are usually very variable.

  4. Immune Response to Tumors • Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Tc) • Natural killer (NK) cells • Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) • Activated macrophages • Antibody response – minor importance

  5. Protective Mechanisms of Tumors • Low immunogenicity of tumor antigens • Low expression of HLA I molecules • Antigenic modulation • Immunosuppression – prostaglandins, IL-10 and TGF-b like cytokines, stimulation of Ts lymphocytes • Large tumor mass

  6. Immunodiagnostic of tumours • Detection of tumor associated/speciphic antigens • Monocloal gamapathy • Aplha-feto protein • Carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA...) • Speciphic prostatic antigen….. • Immunophenotyping of lymphoid malignancies.

  7. B- cell development

  8. Immunomodulatory treatment of tumors • Cytokines – IL-2 • Interferon alpha • BCG vaccine • Tumor vaccination – mainly using dendritic cells

  9. Clonal selection theory Memorycells Eliminationofautoreactiveclones Bloodandperiperallymphaticorgans expansion antigen death death Effectorcells

  10. Myeloma • Tumor that evolves from plasma cells • Paraprotein in serum • Increase in plasma cells in bone marrow • Kidney failure • Pathologic fractures • Secondary immunodeficiency

  11. Electrophoresis of human serum Normal serum Paraproteins

  12. Electrophoresis - paraprotein

  13. Immunodiffusion-I Gel Agsdiffuseinto gel settingup a concentration gradient Absdiffuseinto gel settingup a concentration gradient

  14. Immunodiffusion -II Gel LargeaggregatesformattheplaceofequimolarconcentrationsofAg & Ab

  15. Imunoelecrophoresis

  16. Imunoelectrophoresis (IgG Kappa praprotein)

  17. Imunofixation(antisérum IgG Lambda)

  18. Paraproteins • Monoglonal immunoglobulins in human serum. • Malignat – in myleoma • Benign – mainly in old people, patients with chronic inflammation, idopatic (MGUS – monoclonal gammapathy of unknown significance) • Detected by imunoelectrophoresis, immunofixation

More Related