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GIS Investigation of Big Sioux River

GIS Investigation of Big Sioux River. Project Reptar. EPA Identified Problems with Lake Kampeska. Nutrient loading of phosphorus, nitrogen and sediment. Massive algae blooms Extensive stream bank erosion Suspended Solids in the lake Lake Kampeska is hypereutrophic

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GIS Investigation of Big Sioux River

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  1. GIS Investigation of Big Sioux River Project Reptar

  2. EPA Identified Problems with Lake Kampeska • Nutrient loading of phosphorus, nitrogen and sediment. • Massive algae blooms • Extensive stream bank erosion • Suspended Solids in the lake • Lake Kampeska is hypereutrophic • Average sediment depth is nine feet, or over 52 million cubic yards

  3. Step one - get the facts Chad Foust from The Upper Big Sioux Water Shed Project problems with storm water run-off consequences on the environment possible penalties for our city

  4. Storm Water • Storm water runoff effects the Big Sioux River

  5. What is storm water? • Storm water is surface runoff from precipitation events • Enters the cities storm sewers.

  6. Where Storm Run Off Comes From • Storm water is surface runoff from precipitation events • Second it runs through the streets picking up all the trash, dirt, and pet waste that may be lying around. • It finds a storm drain and follows it to a river, lake, or ocean. • In the river, lake, or ocean, all that garbage that was with it is now in our rivers, lakes, and oceans.

  7. Negative effects of Stormwater runoff • Polluted storm water is very hazardous to our environment, • Effect plants, animals, fish, and even humans.

  8. Stormwater Phase II Program • March 9, 2008 is the end of Watertown's initial Stormwater Phase II Program. • This program is designed to get municipalities to begin working on their stormwater issues without consequences from EPA. • Beginning on March 10, 2008, Watertown will be under the eye of EPA.

  9. Stormwater Phase II Program • The program contains what are called six minimum control measures that each municipality must work on. • These measures are: • Public education and outreach • Public participation/involvement • Illicit discharge detection and elimination • Construction site stormwater runoff control • Post-construction stormwater management • Pollution prevention/good housekeeping for municipal operations

  10. Stormwater Phase II Program • Potential consequences • EPA will look at what degree Watertown is working on each of the control measures and act accordingly. • Penalties can vary due to circumstances, but the maximum penalty per day can reach up to $25,000. • Watertown was notified of its stormwater status in early 2002 and work officially began on March 10, 2003.

  11. Stormwater Phase II Program • The city is taking a number of different approaches to the control measures: • Chad Foust is working on the public education and participation measures through educational programs. • The city is working with local construction companies, concrete providers, and other businesses to promote a change in the way that they do things. • The city has also contracted with a consulting firm to periodically come in and gauge how we are doing and give advice on where to go next.

  12. Geographic Inquiry Process

  13. Step 1 -Ask geographic questions Step 2 - Acquire geographic resources Step 3 - Explore geographic data Step 4 - Analyze geographic data Step 5 - Act upon geographic knowledge Geographic Inquiry Process

  14. Our Geographic Questions • What effect does storm water runoff have on the Big Sioux River? • Where are the outlets of storm sewers into the Big Sioux River?

  15. Acquire Geographic Resources • GPS Units • OziExplorer • ArcMap • GIS Layers

  16. GPS Units • Used GPS units to mark testing points

  17. OziExporer • A program we used to turn our GPS points to ArcMap shapefiles

  18. ArcMap • Used ArcMap to map and analyze our data

  19. GIS Layers • Used in ArcMap to make maps • Big Sioux tributaries • Big Sioux river • SD cities • Codington county city limits • South Shore • Kranzburg • Florence • Codington County aerial photo • Watershed Layer

  20. Identified Data we needed • We identified that we needed to find the levels of pH, Nitrates, hardness, phosphates, and dissolved oxygen in the Big Sioux River. • We also identified the location of storm sewers in the City of Watertown. • We identified the acceptable levels of above.

  21. Step two - field trip We went to Riverside Park and the Frisbee golf course. We collected water samples. We tested the water for levels of nitrates, phosphates, ph, dissolved oxygen, and hardness. We also caught a fish and named it Reptar.

  22. Photo of storm sewer

  23. Photo of vanlacken group

  24. Photo of Brittany and Jaime and pollution

  25. Photo of girl’s group

  26. Photo of railroad bridge

  27. Photo of storm sewer

  28. Photo of kevin’s group

  29. Frisbee Golf Course Frisbee Golf course photo

  30. Frisbee golf pollution

  31. Turbidity tube

  32. Pollution at frisbee golf

  33. Reptar

  34. Map of river and watertown

  35. Missouri River Watershed map of SD

  36. Big Sioux Watershed Map

  37. Middle, North, and Upper Big Sioux Watershed map

  38. Upper Big Sioux map

  39. Where we tested • Samples from Big Sioux- flows into Kampeska • Riverside Park • Frisbee Golf Course

  40. Sites relationship map

  41. Map of Sample site - Riverside

  42. Step three - analyzing data • Tested water samples in science class • Nitrates • Phosphates • Ph • dissolved oxygen • hardness

  43. Problems we were able to test • Nutrient Loading – phosphate, nitrates and turbidity. • Massive algae blooms • Water has been tested for pH, hardness, dissolved O2, phosphates, and nitrates

  44. Interpreting the Data

  45. Step four - research • We researched what all our data meant and created ArcMap documents.

  46. pH • pH determines how acidic or basic the water is. • If pH is high it means that water is basic • If pH is low it means that the water is acidic and if it comes into contact with certain chemicals then it makes them more toxic than normal and harms fish • If pH levels are not neutral, they need to be treated for drinking purposes

  47. Phosphates • Phosphates are chemicals usually found in fertilizers that help stimulate growth and when it rains they enter the water way. • If phosphates are high it means algae and plants will grow wildly, choke the waterway, and use up large amounts of oxygen. • If phosphates are low it means the lake is uncontaminated • If phosphates are high can kill aquatic organisms and fish

  48. Nitrates • Nitrates are a naturally occurring form of nitrogen found in soil • If nitrates are high, 40 ppm, it is unsafe to drink • If nitrates are low, 4 ppm it means that the water is unpolluted • Nitrates effect the amount of oxygen in the blood and can cause blue baby syndrome in infants • Nitrates stimulate the growth of plankton and water weeds, especially algae, and provide food for fish. • Without nitrates water life will die.

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