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Age of Exploration

Age of Exploration. The Vikings. First to discover North America Clues first appeared in written stories called sagas. The sagas suggested that Bjarni Herjólfsson and Leif the Lucky had sailed to the new lands west and south of Greenland. The Vikings Saga: Bjarni Herjólfsson.

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Age of Exploration

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  1. Age of Exploration

  2. The Vikings • First to discover North America • Clues first appeared in written stories called sagas. • The sagas suggested that Bjarni Herjólfsson and Leif the Lucky had sailed to the new lands west and south of Greenland

  3. The Vikings Saga: Bjarni Herjólfsson • In the year 1000, Bjarni Herjólfsson, went to visit his father in Iceland to spend the winter with him. • Bjarni had found that his father had moved to Greenland. • In his efforts to find his father, he ended up spotting three islands. • Back to Greenland.

  4. The Vikings Saga: Leif Ericson • Leif Ericson, who lived in Greenland, was excited about finding the New Land. • With crew of 30 men and sailed to the three places Bjarni had found. • They went first to Helluland and then to Markland and then on to a place he named Vinland the Good (Newfoundland). It was named Vinland because of the grapes

  5. The Vikings Saga: Thorvald Ericson • Leif's brother. Later went to "Vinland the Good" to explore spent the winter and summer there. • Encountered nine "Skraelings" American Indians. The Vikings killed 8 of them but one escaped. • The was a conflict between the two groups and the only Viking hit was Thorvald. He became the first Viking to be buried in North America.

  6. L’Anse aux Meadows • Helge and Anne Ingstad from Norway. Hypothesized that the Vikings had discovered North America 500 years before Columbus arrived. • 1960s they found L’anse aux Meadows and the remains houses like houses in Norway and Greenland. They also found Viking jewelry, tools and iron nails.

  7. Christopher Columbus • Influenced Marco Polo and his travels. • Columbus believed that if you traveled east by land, you arrived in the Indian islands off the coast of Asia. If you traveled west, you could reach India by water- faster and cheaper. • Columbus moved to Lisbon, Portugal. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella funded his trip. Columbus made his famous voyage in 1492. Three ships were the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. • He reached the land at the island of San Salvador (Haiti and the Dominican Republic). He was convinced he arrived in India his was not the only one to make this mistake. He made 3 more voyages across the Atlantic Ocean in the next 10 years.

  8. Routes of Christopher Columbus

  9. John Cabot • Homeland: Venice, Italy • Project: A voyage to discover an all-water route to the riches (spices)of Asia. • Sponsor: King Henry VII of England • Discoveries: Probably NFLD and/or Cape Breton Island. Outcomes: • In 1498, Cabot set out on a 2nd trip and was never was never seen again. • Cabot’s crossing of the Atlantic had lasting results.: • He made England’s first claim to territory in North America. • He found an unlimited supply of Cod fish. In Catholic societies, eating of meat 153 days a year was prohibited. English fishermen became regular visitors.

  10. Routes of John Cabot

  11. Jacques Cartier • Homeland: France • Projects: To search for an all-water passage to Asia and then to follow the St. Lawrence River in hope of finding riches closer to home. • Sponsor: King Francis I of France • Discoveries: Various parts of NFLD and parts of what are now NS (Cape Breton), PEI, NB and PQ. Much of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence River. Outcomes: • Had three voyages: 1534, 1535, and 1541 • Made contact with Aboriginal People. • He did not discover the riches of the East or a route to them. French leaders lost interest, as they were after diamonds and gold and not beaver pelts. • About 50 years later, Europeans became interested in North American furs. Fur traders, fishermen and map makers were all crossing the Atlantic.

  12. Routes of Jacques Cartier

  13. Samuel de Champlain • Homeland: France • Projects: To help French explorers on fur-trading voyages by acting as a map maker • Sponsor: King Henry IV of France appointed Champlain Royal geographer • Discovery: The St. Lawrence River as far as the Lachine Rapids in 1603; the coastline of North America, from present-day NS to present-day Massachusetts in 1604-05 Outcomes: • In 1604, he went with Sieur de Monts to the Bay of Fundy. • De Monts had been granted a monopoly on the fur trade. In return, he was to start a colony. • Spent the winter on the island of St. Croix, where many men died of scurvy. • In 1605, they moved to Port Royal where he explored the Atlantic coast and made careful maps of NS, NB, Maine and Massachusetts. • The maps were so accurate that sailors could use them today. Many places along the coast still have the names Champlain gave them more than 350 years ago. • In 1608, he moved to a location what is now Quebec on the St. Lawrence river. He developed the rest of his life to the development of a fur-trading colony.

  14. Routes of Samuel de Champlain

  15. Henry Hudson • 1609-11 • Discoveries: Hudson River and Hudson Bay

  16. Etienne Pierre Radisson and BRULE Medard Groseilliers • 1609-32 • Discoveries: South of Lake Ontario • 1650s • Discoveries: Sault Ste. Marie Region; north shore of Lake Superior

  17. Louis Joliet and Father DanielJacques Marquette DULHUT • 1669-73 • Discoveries: Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron; Lake Michigan and upper Mississippi River • 1680s • Discoveries: Region south and west of Lake Superior

  18. La Salle and Father HenryLouis Hennepin Kelsey • 1669-82 • Discoveries: Lakes Ontario and Erie; Niagara, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the Gulf of Mexico • 1690-92 • Discoveries: Buffalo country of Northern Saskatchewan and possibly Alberta

  19. Pierre La Verendyre Anthony Henday • 1731-43 • Discoveries: West of Lake Superior as far as the Saskatchewan River and south to South Dakota • 1754-55 • Discoveries: First European to travel west to within sight of the Rockies

  20. Alexander Mackenzie Samuel Hearne • 1770-72 • Discoveries:Overland to the mouth of the Coppermine River on the Arctic Ocean • 1789, 1793 • Discoveries: Down the MacKenzie River to the Arctic Ocean; overland to the Pacific

  21. Sir John Franklin George Vancouver • 1791-95 • Discoveries:Vancouver Island and much of the coast of BC • Early 1800s • Discoveries: Canada’s vast northland of coastline, waterways and islands

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