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Chapter 8 Market revolution

Chapter 8 Market revolution. Section 3 The Southern Section. The economy of the south. The South consisted of DE, MD, VA, NC, SC, GA, KY, TN, AL, MS, LA & AK

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Chapter 8 Market revolution

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  1. Chapter 8 Market revolution Section 3 The Southern Section

  2. The economy of the south • The South consisted of DE, MD, VA, NC, SC, GA, KY, TN, AL, MS, LA & AK • One phrase sums up the economy of the South during the first half of the 1800’s: “King Cotton” due to the fact that clothes were changing from linen and wool to cotton • In 1850 there was over a billion pounds of raw cotton produced • The South remained rural, or it was made up of farms and countryside instead of cities. • The physical geography of the South made it profitable – 200-290 frost free days a year, fertile soil & plentiful rain • The South was dependent on Northern banks, shipping companies and textile mills due to the lack of them in the South

  3. The economy of the south • The early 1800’s half the cotton crop was produced on farms with six or fewer slaves • The invention of the cotton gin created the idea of westward movement for more land for cotton production. Smaller farmers were usually the ones who did this • Not all southern states changed to cotton- VA & NC mainly raised tobacco, SC raised sugar and rice crops due to their hot & wet climate & KY raised thoroughbred horses • Although the South remained mostly rural, the cities of New Orleans, LA; Charlestown, SC; & Richmond, VA developed – they were smaller than cities of the North • These cities shared the same problems of poor housing and sanitation as the North

  4. Slave system • By 1850, 3.7 million African Americans lived in the US – 12% were free • In 1804 all northern states had banned or passed laws to gradually end slavery • The Constitution specified that Congress could not end the slave trade before 1808, so in that year they banned all importation of slaves • The slave trade increased in the South due to population growth among the slaves already in the US • By 1860, AA slaves made up more than half the population of SC & MS

  5. Slave system • The life of enslaves AAs varied- on small farms they worked side by side with their owners, possibly living in the same home and eating together but they still faced cruelties without family of friends • Most slaves lived on large cotton plantations- 20 or more slaves- where they worked in gangs under the supervision of a foreman (supervisor) • Women had a very difficult life, they would bear and care for their own children, take care of their households, cooked and served food, cleaned houses and clothes, labored in fields- in addition some endured physical or sexual abuse by slave owners

  6. Slave system • Slaves were saw as property that preformed labor. • As the demand for slaves rose so did their prices- a “prime” worker (male, 18-25) cost $500 in 1832 but in 1837 they would cost $1,300 • This made starting a plantation very expensive and out of reach for most people • It cost between $15-60 a year to support a slave • Since purchasing slaves was so expensive slave-owners generally kept their slaves healthy enough to work but did little else for them.

  7. Slave revolt • Only a small % of slaves escaped captivity or won their freedom through rebellions Vesey’sPlan • Vesey was a self educated, free slave, who grew angry over the suffering slaves received • In 1822 he planned the most ambitious slave revolt in US history • His plan called for hundreds to even thousands of rebels to seize the city of Charleston, SC • They were to raid the arsenal, kill all white residents, free the slaves & burn down the city • Vesey was betrayed by some of his followers and was hanged with 35 other AAs

  8. Slave revolts Turner’s Rebellion • Nat Turner was an AA preacher that planned a revolt under “divine inspiration” when he saw an eclipse of the sun • He led 70 slaves in raids on white families in VA where 57 white people were killed. • Local militia captured most of the rebels and hanged 20 including Turner. • These revolts were white southerner’s nightmares as AAs outnumbered the white population • This made Virginia contemplate ending slavery to end the threat but they did not • Virginia and North Carolina passed laws making it illegal to teach slaves to read.

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