Multimedia

1. Multimedia Week 15 – Introduction to 3D modelling

2. Lecture Software for development and distribution of 3D Hardware for 3D rendering Geometric principles of parametric modelling No supported session Organisation Arrange presentations Discuss supported sessions Discuss dates This week Multimedia

3. Active 3D worlds Advantages Immersive environment Free movement Disadvantages Rendering Specialist software? Hardware? Passive Movies Advantages Level of detail Disadvantages Restricted view Last weekTwo types of 3D graphics Multimedia

4. Presentation 2 You are to research 2D and 3D multimedia applications again with a common theme. For instance you could investigate the development of a game over time, techniques for displaying items such as mobile phones or films with associated games. At least one application should be recent (within the last two years) Multimedia

5. Your presentation • Are you in groups? • What are you going to research? • Where are you going to start? • What are you going to compare and contrast? • Remember to refer to the marking criteria Multimedia

6. 3d modelling software • Ranges from the free to the very expensive • Why might it be so expensive? • What might you expect your 3d software to do? Multimedia

7. Activity • In pairs • Find 3 examples of ‘professional’ 3d software • http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Business_to_Business/Computers/Software/Graphics/3D/ • http://www.google.co.uk/ • What is the cost of one licence? • Can you to make a video? • Can you to make an interactive model? • What is the recommended hardware for this software? Multimedia

8. Working in the 3D world • Most programs have a common features • Viewports • Mouse-selected features • Use right click for context sensitive menus • Type-in commands and parameters Multimedia

9. 3ds max v7 (2005) Multimedia

10. Wireframe modelling • Wireframe modelling requires less computing power than any form of rendering • Default • 3 viewports wireframe • 1 viewport rendered • Will use either OpenGL or DirectX to achieve the rendered view • But not proper rendering with lighting and shadows • Takes even more processing power Multimedia

11. 3ds max v7 (2005) Multimedia

12. Different viewports • 3ds max allows lots of different viewport arrangements 3ds max v7 (2005) Multimedia

13. Important – name your objects • Why? • Default names are OK but what about a big scene? Multimedia

14. Different creation methods • More than one way to create an object • Click and drag • Keyboard entry for precise dimensions • Altering the object parameters • Objects with a different number of dimensions (parameters) require a difference number of clicks and drags • How many for a sphere, box, cone? • Create method • Edge or centre for a sphere Multimedia

15. Selection • Select buttons • Select by name • Select by region • Select by filter • Paintbrush selection • Multiple selection • Isolate selection 3ds max v7 (2005) Multimedia

16. Activity • Start up 3ds max • Draw a primitive shape • Experiment with panning, zooming • Change the viewpoints • Experiment with ‘right clicking’ Multimedia

17. Units and scale • English • Feet an inches • Metric • Meters and centimetres • Generic • Decimal numbers Multimedia

18. Activity • Using 3ds max help • Help>User reference • Find out how to alter the units system • Make sure that the software is set to Metres Multimedia

19. 3D space • Rectangular coordinate system • Known as Cartesian coordinates • World or global coordinate system • Each object can have its own local coordinate system 3ds max v7 (2005) Multimedia

20. Y+ Z- Origin point 0, 0, 0 X- X+ Z+ Y- Coordinate and axes • Coordinates • Each point is defined by 3 numbers, coordinates • X, Y, Z • Width, height and depth • Axes • Imaginary line in cyberspace • Width axis X runs horizontally • Height axis Y is vertical • Depth axis Z travels front to back Multimedia

21. What are primitives? • Basic building blocks • Can be used to start any modelling project • First you need to create and move things around • Each object has a set or parameters Multimedia

22. Common 3D primitives • Can you name them? • Cone • Sphere • GeoSphere • Teapot • Box • Tube • Cylinder • Taurus 3ds max v7 (2005) Multimedia

23. Activity – Standard primitives • Start up 3ds max • Draw a rectangular primitive shape • Experiment with panning, zooming • Change the viewpoints • Experiment with ‘right clicking’ • Draw a curved primitive shape • Alter the number of segments Multimedia

24. Rendering • You only ever see 3D objects as a 2D plane • Rendering • Paints pixels with colour, shadow, lighting effects • Onto a monitor – real time • A file • A still image • A video Multimedia

25. File conversion 3D Studio (3DS) Adobe Illustrator (AI) ASC Scene Export (ASE) AutoCAD (DWG) AutoCAD (DXF) Shockwave 3D FiLMBOX (FBX) Initial Graphics Exchange Standard (IGES) Lightscape Material (ATR) Lightscape Blocks (BLK) Lightscape Parameter (DF) Lightscape Layers (LAY) Lightscape View (VW) Lightscape Preparation File (LP) Stereolithography (STL) VRML97 (WRL) Rendering options AVI Files BMP Files CIN (Kodak Cineon) Files CWS (combustion Workspace) Files DDS Files EPS and PS (Encapsulated PostScript) Files FLC Files GIF Files HDR Files IFL Files JPEG Files MOV (QuickTime Movie) Files MPEG Files PIC Files PNG Files PSD Files RLA Files RPF Files RGB (SGI Image) Files TGA (Targa) Files TIFF Files YUV Files Exporting/importing your work 3ds max v7 (2005) Multimedia

26. VRML • Virtual Reality Modelling Language • VRML is a scene description language • Simple ascii text files which can be parsed by a VRML interpreter • VRML browsers • Cosmo • Cortona • Flux • Can be exported from most 3D modelling software • .wrl extension Multimedia

27. VRML • Virtual Reality Modelling Language • Designed to be the three-dimensional modelling equivalent of HTML • World Wide Web conference in Geneva in 1994 • VRML 1.0 specification was released in May 1995 • VRML 2.0, quickly replaced by VRML97 Multimedia

28. Tony Parisi 1999 • Where did VRML go wrong? • Buggy browsers • Big plug-in downloads • Interoperability of content • “…..that no amount of technology, no matter how good, is relevant without compelling applications that solve real problems. The logic of it seems simple enough—if technology isn’t useful, who’s going to use it? “ Multimedia

29. X3D • Developed collaboratively by the Web3D Consortium • Evolutionary Successor to VRML97 • Adds: • New features • Additional data encoding formats • Stricter conformance • Componentized architecture Multimedia

30. X3D • Evolution of VRML 97 • Application of XML • VRML was badly implemented by browsers • Inconsistent views • Componentized • But not widely used • Currently cannot export from major 3D modelling software • .x3d extension Multimedia

31. VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 # A cylinder Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 0 0 } } geometry Cylinder { height 2 radius 5 } } X3D <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material diffuseColor="1 0 0"/> </Appearance> <Cylinder height="2" radius="5"/> </Shape> </Scene> </X3D> A cylinder Multimedia

32. VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { } } geometry Box { size 2.0 2.0 2.0 } } X3D <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material diffuseColor="0 1 0"/> </Appearance> <Box size="2 2 2"/> </Shape> </Scene> </X3D> A box Multimedia

33. VRML #VRML V2.0 utf8 Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 1 1} } geometry Sphere { radius 0.15 } } X3D <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <X3D profile="Full"> <head/> <Scene> <Shape> <Appearance> <Material diffuseColor=“1 1 1"/> </Appearance> <Sphere radius=“0.15"/> </Shape> </Scene> </X3D> A sphere Multimedia

34. Embedding in a web page • Uses ActiveX <object classid="clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518-00c04fc2dd79" width="50%" height="50%"> <param name="src“ value="tower.wrl"> </object> • Warning - with XP service pack you may get a warning about blocked content Multimedia

35. Plug-ins • Cortona only VRML <OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:86A88967-7A20-11D2-8EDA-00600818EDB1"> • Cosmo Player only VRML <OBJECT CLASSID=" clsid:06646724-bcf3-11d0-9518-00c04fc2dd79"> • FLUXVRML and X3D <OBJECT CLASSID="clsid:918B202D-8E8F-4649-A70B-E9B178FEDC58"> Multimedia

36. Activity • VRML • Export your model as VRML • View the file • Render as an image Multimedia

37. Review • VRML • X3D • Parametric modelling • 3D space • Coordinates and axes • 3D primitives • Viewing in a webpage • Questions? Multimedia

38. Portfolio 2.1 • Create a VRML model using 3ds max of a simple room constructed from primitive shapes, consisting of three walls and a floor. Insert a desk constructed of cylinders and boxes. • A screen shot of your model rendered in a browser, printed • More next week Multimedia

39. It should look something like… Multimedia

40. Question • Hope has asked you to make a 3d model of the campus • What are your software options? • What are the cost implications of the various pieces of software? • What type of 3D visualisation could be generated? • What are the hardware implications? • Discuss critically, comparing and draw a conclusion Multimedia

41. More questions • What is the difference between VRML and X3D • Which would you choose to use to display a 3D model, why? • List the advantages and disadvantages of VRML and X3D • Describe the process of primitive modelling Multimedia

42. For Next Week • Work on your presentation • Start on the 3ds max tutorials • Directed reading chapters 1, 2 and 3 • Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition Multimedia

43. References • Giambruno M, (2002) 3D Graphics & Animation, 2nd Edition, New Riders, ISBN: 0-7357-1243-3 • Kerlow I. V., (2003) The Art of 3-D Computer Animation and Effects , 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc; ISBN: 0471430366 • Screen shots taken from 3ds max 7 User Reference Multimedia