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Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics and Invertebrates. What is an animal. Multi-cellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophic organisms whose cells do not have cell walls Animals can have no symmetry, radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry

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Kingdom Animalia

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  1. Kingdom Animalia General Characteristics and Invertebrates

  2. What is an animal • Multi-cellular, eukaryotes, heterotrophic organisms whose cells do not have cell walls • Animals can have no symmetry, radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry • Animals must be able to take care of the following to survive • Feeding, respiration, circulation, excretion, response, movement, reproduction

  3. Phylum Porifera • Example: sponge, all species have no symmetry • Feeding: Sponges are ocean organisms and are attached to the ocean floor. They are filter feeders, meaning they filter food out of the water that flows through their bodies • Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: All done by the flow of water through the body • Response: Have no nervous system but can protect selves with poisons

  4. Phylum Porifera, Cont. • Reproduction • Asexual– budding or gemmules • Sexual– are hermaphrodites and internal fertilization occurs, sperm from one sponge swims through the water to fertilize the eggs of another • Movement– sponges are sessile organisms

  5. Sponges

  6. Phylum Cnidaria • Jellyfish, coral, hydra • Feeding: carnivores, hunters that paralyze prey with poison in nematocysts also called cnidocytes (stinging cells) located on tentacles. Once paralyzed, prey is pulled into the stomach (gastrovascular cavity) • Respiration, Circulation and Excretion: done by the flow of water through the body • Movement: Hydrostatic skeleton (muscles) or jet propulsion

  7. Phylum Cnidaria, Cont • Response: Complicated nerve net along body, concentrated around mouth • Reproduction: Sexual only, two forms of life (polyp and medusa), external fertilization • Groups (Classes)– sea anemones and corals, jellyfish, hydras

  8. Cnidarians Box Jellyfish Most poisonous creature in the sea Brain Coral Portuguese Man o War

  9. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Flatworms: Planarian, Tapeworm • Feeding: Can be parasites, free- living carnivores or scavengers • Two way, one opening digestive tract (pharynx, mouth and anus all the same place) • Respiration, Circulation and excretion: Diffusion since the body is flat, flame cells help to remove liquid waste from the body

  10. Phylum Platyhelminthes, cont • Response: Simple brain called ganglia (collection of nerve cells in anterior end), nerve cords along body, eyespot to detect light • Reproduction: • Sexual- hermaphrodites • Asexual- fission or regeneration • Movement- Free living move with muscles or cilia, parasitic worms do not usually move

  11. Flatworms Planarian Tapeworm Blood Fluke

  12. Phylum: Nematoda • Roundworms: hookworm, ascaris • Movement: Most roundworms are parasitic, so they don’t move on their own. Some have muscle systems to push themselves along • Feeding: Parasitic (mostly) so they spend their lives feeding off of other organisms through diffusion • Respiration, Circulation, Excretion: Diffusion across body membranes

  13. Phylum: Nematoda Cont. • Response: Simple nervous system, ganglia in anterior end • Reproduction: Sexual reproduction, internal fertilization. Often, parasitic worms have complicated life cycles involving more than one host

  14. Roundworms Roundworm Hookworm

  15. Phylum Annelida • Segmented worms such as leeches and earthworms • Feeding and Digestion: Complicated system including crop, gizzard and pharynx. Used in food storage, crushing and digestion • Circulation: Closed circulatory system with vessels and five hearts (earthworm) • Respiration: Diffusion, some respire using gills (aquatic)

  16. Phylum Annelida Cont. • Excretion: Solid waste through anus, liquid waste through nephridia (little kidneys) • Response: Well developed nervous system with a brain and nerve cord • Movement: Complicated muscular system, marine worms use paddles to swim

  17. Phylum Annelida, Cont. • Reproduction: Sexual, most have separate sexes, some hermaphrodites • Groups: Earthworms, leeches, marine worms

  18. Segmented Worms Cute Earthworm Bunch of Earthworms Leech

  19. Phylum Mollusca • Soft bodied animals with four basic body parts, foot, mantle, shell and visceral mass • Feeding: Variety of feeding methods, carnivore, herbivore, scavenger, parasites • Respiration: gills or diffusion • Circulatory: Open system, blood pools in cavities called sinuses

  20. Phylum Mollusca Cont. • Excretion: Nephridia release liquid waste • Response: Nervous systems vary depending on type of mollusk • Movement: Varies depending on type, but foot is used for locomotion. Some mollusks have a foot divided into tentacles

  21. Phylum Mollusca Cont. • Reproduction: Variety of reproductive processes. Mostly external fertilization, some have internal • Groups of Mollusks • Class: Gastropoda (stomach foot) snails and slugs • Class: Cephlapoda (head foot) octopuses and squid • Class: Bivalves (two shells) clams and oysters, scallops

  22. Mollusks Octopus Electric Flame Scallop English Garden Snail

  23. Phylum Arthropoda • Means: Jointed foot or leg, examples, lobster, crab, insect, spider. Have exoskeleton made of chitin • Growth: Must molt to grow • Feeding: Variety of methods, carnivore, omnivore, parasite, herbivore • Respiration: Tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs, book gills

  24. Phylum Arthropoda, Cont. • Circulation: Well developed heart, arteries and other vessels, open system (includes sinuses and other cavities) • Excretion: Malpighian Tubules, diffusion • Response: Brain, nerves, well—developed sense organs (eyes, taste receptors) • Movement: Muscles, wings, legs, swimmerets, variety of locomotion

  25. Phylum Arthropoda, Cont • Reproduction: Mostly internal fertilization, males have a sex organ or deposit a sperm packet into females • Groups: • Crustaceans (lobster, crab, shrimp) • Chelicerates (spiders, mites, scorpions) • Insects (most number of animal species, butterflies, bees, ants)

  26. Class Insecta • Insects are the largest group of animals • Three part body (head, thorax, abdomen) • Three pairs of legs and other appendages • Complicated sense organs, movement and social structures • Some insects go through metamorphosis • Incomplete- grasshopper • Complete- Butterfly

  27. Arthropods Lobster… Anybody Hungry??? Black Widow Spider Butterfly

  28. Phylum Echinodermata • Means: Spiny Skin, examples sea star, sea cucumber, sea urchins • Water vascular system: complicated system using water to take care of many body processes • Contains hundreds of tube feet which use suction methods powered by water flow

  29. Phylum Echinodermata, Cont. • Feeding: herbivores. carnivores, scavengers, filter feeders • Respiration and Circulation: water vascular system • Excretion: Solid waste released out of the anus, liquid waste through walls of tube feet by diffusion • Response: Radial nerve ring, scattered sensory cells

  30. Phylum Echinodermata, Cont. • Movement: tube feet, thin muscles, soft joints • Reproduction: External fertilization, bi-lateral larvae, radial adult • Groups • Sea Urchins and Sand dollars • Brittle Stars • Sea Cucumbers • Sea Stars • Sea lilies and feather stars

  31. Echinoderms Red-Lined Sea Cucumber Sun Star Sea Lily

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