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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. 1. Protista & Fungi Unit Goals. 2. Construct an explanation of how new understandings of Earth’s history, the emergence of new species from pre-existing species, and our understanding of genetics have influenced our understanding of biology.

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista 1

  2. Protista & Fungi Unit Goals 2 • Construct an explanation of how new understandings of Earth’s history, the emergence of new species from pre-existing species, and our understanding of genetics have influenced our understanding of biology. • Develop and use models to analyze the cycling of matter and flow of energy within ecosystems • Construct an argument supported by scientific information to explain patterns in structures and function among clades of organisms, including the origin of eukaryotes by endosymbiosis. Clades should include: archaea bacteria eukaryotes fungi plants animals • Derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems. • Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms.

  3. 3 Protista Domain: Eukarya • Eukaryotic organisms

  4. 4 Endosymbiosis Evolution of Eukaryotic Organisms

  5. Kingdom Protista 5 Single-Celled Multicellular Eukaryotic Can be pathogens Have a Nucleus heterotrophic or autotrophic (or both) Generally aquatic: Fresh or marine Lack complex organ systems

  6. 6 Kingdom Protista single celled organisms

  7. Method of Nutrition 7 Animal-like Fungi-like Plant-like Absorption Autotrophic Heterotrophic

  8. 8 Plant-Like Protozoa CLIP Animal-Like Fungi-Like

  9. 9 Animal-Like Classified based on Means of Locomotion How they move

  10. Method of Locomotion 10 Pseudopodia “false” “foot” Cilia Flagella cytoplasmic streaming

  11. 11 Move by Cillia Anal Pore Waste Removal Locomotion Food Enters Helps regulate water level Paramecium

  12. Move by Pseudopods “False Feet” 13

  13. 14 Move by Flagella -made of protein filaments

  14. 15 Non-Motile Cryptosporidium Causes Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Clip

  15. 12

  16. Plant-Like 16 • Most unicellular, but some multicellular • Autotrophic – contain chlorophyll & make food by photosynthesis • Range in size from microscopic to seaweeds hundreds of feet in length

  17. 17 Single celled algae Volvox Spirogyra Chlamydomonas

  18. 18 Algal Bloom p509 • Can be a result of an excess of nutrients • Can decrease dissolved oxygen content When the numbers of algae in a lake or a river increase explosively.

  19. 19

  20. 20 Multicellular

  21. Euglena 21 Detects light Most live in freshwater, but some live in moist soil & the digestive tracts of certain animals • Contractile vacuole to pump out excess water • Can be heterotrophic in the absence of light

  22. 22 Diatoms Have cell walls made of “glass”

  23. Diatoms 23

  24. water molds Fungi-Like 24 Slime molds • Multicellular, heterotrophic • Little tissue specialization • Usually small & live in moist or watery habitats • Act as decomposers breaking down dead organic matter

  25. 25 Slime molds • Feed by absorption- -break down dead organic matter • May be saprophytes or parasites • Make a reproductive structure or fruiting body that produces spores • Often found on decaying wood or leaves

  26. 26

  27. 27 Water Molds • Aquatic water molds are parasites on fish forming furry growths on their gills • May act as decomposers in water of dead plants & animals • May be pathogenic to plants Phytophthora infestanscaused blight in potatoes (Irish Potato Famine in 19th century)

  28. 28 Termites Symbiosis

  29. Red tides are caused by population explosions of certain dinoflagellates that release a neurotoxin into the environment. Shellfish concentrate this toxin and it can kill people who eat the contaminated shellfish. 29 "harmful algal bloom"

  30. 30 Source of food Plant Pathogen Human diseases Produce oxygen Protista Eukaryotic Termite Guts Beginning of food chain Auto or hetero Chemical and Medicines

  31. 31 Kingdom Protista Asexual Reproduction “Binary fission”: • when an individual splits into 2 identical individuals. Fragmentation

  32. Sexual Reproduction Kingdom Protista • conjugation = when 2 individuals exchange micronuclei • results in genetic mixing and “new” genotypes • Production of haploid gametes 32

  33. Comparing Structures in Protists 33

  34. Mr. Andersen’s Protista Review

  35. Intro to Fungi & Protista Review Video Clip (p5)

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