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Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire. Origins. “ Osman ” = a leader of a western Anatolian nomads Began expanding 14 th century. Gradually took over Anatolia became border between Islam and Byzantium. Sultan Mehmet II (1451-1481). One of the greatest Sultans Called the Fatih (the Conqueror)

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Ottoman Empire

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  1. Ottoman Empire

  2. Origins • “Osman” = a leader of a western Anatolian nomads • Began expanding 14th century. • Gradually took over Anatolia • became border between Islam and Byzantium

  3. Sultan Mehmet II (1451-1481) • One of the greatest Sultans • Called the Fatih (the Conqueror) • Reigned in all of Turkey/Anatolia • Byzantine Empire was defeated

  4. The Conquest of Constantinople • the Imperial phase of the Ottomans • Constantinople renamed Istanbul • Mehmet II rebuilt city • Added: • Mosques • water fountains • Baths and other public facilities

  5. Topkapi Palace

  6. The Sultan’s Bedchamber

  7. Hammam

  8. The Grand Bazzar

  9. Mehmet II encouraged people to move to Istanbul • Bribed people from the Ottoman territories with homes and jobs • Jewish oppressed in other regions • Istanbul = Jewish ‘haven’ • Mass Jewish migration

  10. Suleiman the “Lawgiver” • Sultanic law codes • Reformed the government • Balanced the budget • Reinforced Islamic law

  11. Suleiman the “Magnificent” • Grandeur of his court • Built palaces, mosques, schools, libraries, hospitals, roads, bridges, etc. • Cultural explosion (paxOttomanica) – literary, artistic, and scientific achievements

  12. “Blue” Mosque

  13. Bridge on the Drina (Bosnia)

  14. Mostar, BH

  15. Non-Muslims • Millet system • non-Muslims formed small communities • allowed to keep their faith • Had to pay jitza (a tax). • Local officials = Ottoman government officials

  16. Devshirme • Christian youths captured/given • Recruited for Imperial Civil Service/ army • Converted to Islam • The brightest 10% = Palace school and were trained for civil service

  17. Janissaries • Lower 90% • Sent to Turkish farms trained for toughness • elite army corps who were absolutely loyal to the Sultan

  18. Turkish Coffeehouses • coffeehouses = places men get together and discuss stuff. • Started as gathering before mosques • Eventually became meeting place • Professional groups = own coffeehouse

  19. The Harem • Sacred place and sanctuary • place of honor, respect, and religious purity • Private quarters of the family • Females only • female visitors allowed, but not common • Boys stayed with/mothers until 10-11

  20. Decline • Weak leadership • Corrupt government officials • Powerful Janissaries/revolts • Heavy taxes • Revolts • Diverse population that wanted freedom • New world silver = inflation • Change in trade routes Selim II (aka the Sloth)

  21. Question 1 • Fatih means • The crusader • The conqueror • The helper • The great

  22. Question 2 • Sultan Mehmet II ruled during the...? • Colonial phase of the Ottomans • Imperial phase of the Ottomans • Decline of the Ottomans • The crusades

  23. Question 3 • Mehmet II added all of the following EXCEPT • Mosques • Water fountains • Churches • Public baths

  24. Question 4 • The Jews considered Istanbul? • A living nightmare • A haven • An oppression • filthy

  25. Question 5 • Non-Muslims paid a tax called • Pizza • Jitza • Feetsa • meetsa

  26. Question 6 • The process of converting christian youths to Islam and training them for civil service or the army was? • Devsirme • Crusades • Jihad • harem

  27. Question 7 • The elite army corps who were absolutely loyal to the Sultan were? • The crusades • Janissaries • Devshirme • The harem

  28. Question 8 • Suleiman's code of law did all of the following EXCEPT • Reformed the government • Created equality • Balanced the budget • Reinforced Islamic law

  29. Question 9 • Pax Ottomanica is associated with? • Suleiman the Magnificent • Rome • Mehmet II • Zeus

  30. Question 10 • Which is NOT a factor in the decline of the Ottomans? • Weak leadership • Heavy taxes • Religious disputes • Change in trade routes

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