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Ottoman Empire: Rise and Decline

Learn about the origins, conquests, and cultural achievements of the Ottoman Empire, including key leaders like Osman and Mehmet II, the Millet system, Janissaries, and factors leading to its decline. Explore the impact of Suleiman the Magnificent, coffeehouses, and the Harem.

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Ottoman Empire: Rise and Decline

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  1. Ottoman Empire

  2. Origins • “Osman” = a leader of a western Anatolian nomads • Began expanding 14th century. • Gradually took over Anatolia • became border between Islam and Byzantium

  3. Sultan Mehmet II (1451-1481) • One of the greatest Sultans • Called the Fatih (the Conqueror) • Reigned in all of Turkey/Anatolia • Byzantine Empire was defeated

  4. The Conquest of Constantinople • the Imperial phase of the Ottomans • Constantinople renamed Istanbul • Mehmet II rebuilt city • Added: • Mosques • water fountains • Baths and other public facilities

  5. Topkapi Palace

  6. The Sultan’s Bedchamber

  7. Hammam

  8. The Grand Bazzar

  9. Mehmet II encouraged people to move to Istanbul • Bribed people from the Ottoman territories with homes and jobs • Jewish oppressed in other regions • Istanbul = Jewish ‘haven’ • Mass Jewish migration

  10. Suleiman the “Lawgiver” • Sultanic law codes • Reformed the government • Balanced the budget • Reinforced Islamic law

  11. Suleiman the “Magnificent” • Grandeur of his court • Built palaces, mosques, schools, libraries, hospitals, roads, bridges, etc. • Cultural explosion (paxOttomanica) – literary, artistic, and scientific achievements

  12. “Blue” Mosque

  13. Bridge on the Drina (Bosnia)

  14. Mostar, BH

  15. Non-Muslims • Millet system • non-Muslims formed small communities • allowed to keep their faith • Had to pay jitza (a tax). • Local officials = Ottoman government officials

  16. Devshirme • Christian youths captured/given • Recruited for Imperial Civil Service/ army • Converted to Islam • The brightest 10% = Palace school and were trained for civil service

  17. Janissaries • Lower 90% • Sent to Turkish farms trained for toughness • elite army corps who were absolutely loyal to the Sultan

  18. Turkish Coffeehouses • coffeehouses = places men get together and discuss stuff. • Started as gathering before mosques • Eventually became meeting place • Professional groups = own coffeehouse

  19. The Harem • Sacred place and sanctuary • place of honor, respect, and religious purity • Private quarters of the family • Females only • female visitors allowed, but not common • Boys stayed with/mothers until 10-11

  20. Decline • Weak leadership • Corrupt government officials • Powerful Janissaries/revolts • Heavy taxes • Revolts • Diverse population that wanted freedom • New world silver = inflation • Change in trade routes Selim II (aka the Sloth)

  21. Question 1 • Fatih means • The crusader • The conqueror • The helper • The great

  22. Question 2 • Sultan Mehmet II ruled during the...? • Colonial phase of the Ottomans • Imperial phase of the Ottomans • Decline of the Ottomans • The crusades

  23. Question 3 • Mehmet II added all of the following EXCEPT • Mosques • Water fountains • Churches • Public baths

  24. Question 4 • The Jews considered Istanbul? • A living nightmare • A haven • An oppression • filthy

  25. Question 5 • Non-Muslims paid a tax called • Pizza • Jitza • Feetsa • meetsa

  26. Question 6 • The process of converting christian youths to Islam and training them for civil service or the army was? • Devsirme • Crusades • Jihad • harem

  27. Question 7 • The elite army corps who were absolutely loyal to the Sultan were? • The crusades • Janissaries • Devshirme • The harem

  28. Question 8 • Suleiman's code of law did all of the following EXCEPT • Reformed the government • Created equality • Balanced the budget • Reinforced Islamic law

  29. Question 9 • Pax Ottomanica is associated with? • Suleiman the Magnificent • Rome • Mehmet II • Zeus

  30. Question 10 • Which is NOT a factor in the decline of the Ottomans? • Weak leadership • Heavy taxes • Religious disputes • Change in trade routes

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